Appendix B (Table B1). Changes in foliar biomass and calcium content of selected understory species and summed totals of all understory species across five forest types. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Tukey multiple-comparison tests were used to compare 1977–1979 and 1995–2000 means across all forest types. A = absent from forest type; n = number of plots.
(n = 11) |
Typic Cove |
Acid Cove |
Oak–Hickory |
Oak–Pine |
||||||
1977–1979 |
1995–2000 |
1977–1979 |
1995–2000 |
1977–1979 |
1995–2000 |
1977–1979 |
1995–2000 |
1977–1979 |
1995–2000 |
|
Foliar biomass (kg/ha) |
||||||||||
Acer pensylvanicum |
<1 |
<1 |
9±3 |
4±1** |
11±5 |
5±3* |
15±7 |
14±3 |
1±1 |
2±2 |
Acer rubrum |
276±107 |
238±49 |
111±46 |
48±16 |
190±66 |
89±21** |
378±97 |
221±29*** |
247±64 |
246±60 |
Acer saccharum |
3±2 |
<1 |
82±37 |
65±25 |
37±26 |
5±3 |
6±3 |
7±4 |
A |
A |
Betula spp. |
31±17 |
33±19 |
35±13 |
31±14 |
147±43 |
94±18 |
19±7 |
21±9 |
2±2 |
2±2 |
Carpinus caroliniana |
39±21 |
31±18 |
<1 |
A |
<1 |
<1 |
3±3 |
1±1 |
<1 |
A |
Carya spp. |
12±7 |
9±7 |
10±5 |
6±3 |
23±11 |
4±2** |
69±11 |
39±7*** |
44±24 |
25±14* |
Halesia tetraptera |
5±4 |
2±2 |
89±17 |
59±14** |
8±6 |
8±6 |
30±11 |
26±9 |
<1 |
1±1 |
Liriodendron tulipifera |
150±68 |
97±34 |
52±22 |
21±13 |
29±14 |
14±9 |
20±7 |
17±6 |
1±1 |
1±1 |
Nyssa sylvatica |
6±4 |
5±3 |
A |
1±1 |
7±3 |
5±3 |
17±4 |
12±3 |
64±23 |
89±37 |
Oxydendrum arboreum |
68±19 |
50±15 |
5±3 |
2±1 |
45±15 |
15±8** |
58±10 |
23±5*** |
59±16 |
24±7** |
Pinus spp. |
175±65 |
24±10** |
A |
A |
2±2 |
A |
1±1 |
1±1 |
155±73 |
97±63** |
Pinus strobus |
132±44 |
157±86 |
3±3 |
1±1 |
44±17 |
19±7* |
60±21 |
39±11 |
268±97 |
351±91 |
Quercus spp. |
83±70 |
97±92 |
15±10 |
4±4* |
49±25 |
91±75 |
200±29 |
56±9**** |
531±100 |
163±48*** |
Tsuga canadensis |
166±79 |
174±52 |
74±20 |
82±22 |
209±51 |
185±52 |
127±32 |
212±43*** |
21±8 |
73±24** |
Total (all species) |
1339±140 |
1039±122 |
683±97 |
365±55** |
925±135 |
569±98** |
1238±123 |
818±51**** |
1492±95 |
1157±106** |
Foliar calcium (kg/ha) |
||||||||||
Acer pensylvanicum |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.10±0.04 |
0.04±0.02 |
0.13± 0.11 |
0.05±0.03 |
0.17±0.03 |
0.15±0.04 |
0.01±0.01 |
0.01±0.01 |
Acer rubrum |
2.34±0.50 |
1.99±0.33 |
0.99±0.41 |
0.52±0.19 |
1.62±0.46 |
0.82±0.27 |
2.98±0.28 |
1.85±0.24** |
2.06±0.52 |
2.07±0.52 |
Acer saccharum |
0.03±0.02 |
<0.01 |
1.01±0.52 |
2.54±2.12 |
0.48±0.28 |
0.07±0.05 |
0.08±0.05 |
0.09±0.06 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
Betula spp. |
0.28±0.10 |
0.31±0.18 |
0.33±0.13 |
0.30±0.13 |
1.41±0.37 |
0.93±0.18 |
0.18±0.06 |
0.20±0.08 |
0.02±0.02 |
0.02±0.02 |
Carpinus caroliniana |
0.46±0.24 |
0.38±0.20 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.04±0.04 |
0.02±0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
Carya spp. |
0.11±0.06 |
0.09±0.07 |
0.10±0.04 |
0.07±0.04 |
0.23±0.05 |
0.04±0.02*** |
0.68±0.03 |
0.39±**** |
0.43±0.06 |
0.27±0.16* |
Halesia tetraptera |
0.07±0.06 |
0.03±0.03 |
1.17±0.22 |
0.80±0.21**** |
0.30±0.12 |
0.12±0.9 |
0.38±0.04 |
0.34±0.12 |
<0.01 |
0.01±0.01 |
Liriodendron tulipifera |
1.80±0.73 |
1.17±0.38* |
0.94±0.38 |
0.38±0.23*** |
0.46±0.12 |
0.22±0.15 |
0.30±0.10 |
0.25±0.10 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
Nyssa sylvatica |
0.05±0.03 |
0.04±0.02 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.05±0.03 |
0.04±0.3 |
0.13±0.02 |
0.10±0.03 |
0.51±0.04 |
0.72±0.31 |
Oxydendrum arboreum |
0.62±0.17 |
0.46±0.14 |
0.05±0.02 |
0.02±0.01 |
0.41±0.07 |
0.10±0.04**** |
0.53±0.04 |
0.21±0.05**** |
0.54±0.08 |
0.22±0.07*** |
Pinus spp. |
0.63±0.14 |
0.09±0.03**** |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.56±0.06 |
0.35±0.23*** |
Pinus strobus |
0.42±0.23 |
0.57±0.27 |
0.01±0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.15±0.08 |
0.05±0.02 |
0.16±0.05 |
0.09±0.03 |
0.69±0.24 |
0.92±0.24 |
Quercus spp. |
0.61±0.22 |
0.71±0.68 |
0.11±0.08 |
0.03±0.03 |
0.36±0.20 |
0.13±0.08 |
1.44±0.12 |
0.41±0.07**** |
3.90±0.23 |
1.24±0.35**** |
Tsuga canadensis |
0.69±0.08 |
0.83±0.21** |
0.31±0.07 |
0.35±0.09 |
0.99±0.07 |
1.08±0.29 |
0.61±0.05 |
0.94±0.18**** |
0.09±0.08 |
0.32±0.11** |
Total (all species) |
11.14±1.25 |
8.08±0.80* |
7.76±1.14 |
5.95±2.02*** |
8.16±1.15 |
4.16±0.51**** |
11.57±0.71 |
6.73±0.42**** |
10.32±1.31 |
7.64±0.71* |
Percentage total decrease |
27% |
23% |
49% |
42% |
26% |
|||||
Percentage of decrease from loss of C. florida |
59% |
96% |
33% |
45% |
13% |
* P < 0.1, ** P < 0.05, *** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.001.