Appendix A. Description of candidate model sets for predicting simulated nest disturbance, predicting predator abundance, and comparing patterns.
TABLE A1. Candidate model set for predicting simulated nest disturbance.
# | Model† |
Hypothesis categories‡ |
1 |
edge prox. + edge type + edge prox.*edge type |
1,a |
2 |
% old-growth |
1,b |
3 |
% clearcut |
1,b |
4 |
% regenerating |
1,b |
5 |
% immature |
1,b |
6 |
fragmentation |
1,b |
7 |
patch size |
1,b |
8 |
region |
2 |
9 |
region + edge prox. + edge type |
2,a |
10 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + edge prox.*edge type |
2,a |
11 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + % old-growth |
2a,b |
12 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + % clearcut |
2a,b |
13 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + % regenerating |
2a,b |
14 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + % immature |
2a,b |
15 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + fragmentation |
2a,b |
16 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + patch size |
2a,b |
17 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + region*edge prox. |
2a,b |
18 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + region*edge type |
2a,b |
19 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + location*edge type + % + old-growth |
2a,b |
20 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + location*edge type + % + clearcut |
2a,b |
21 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + location*edge type + % + regenerating |
2a,b |
22 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + location*edge type + % + immature |
2a,b |
23 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + % old-growth + % old-growth*region |
3a,b |
24 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + % clearcut + % clearcut*region |
3a,b |
25 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + fragmentation + fragmentation*region |
3a,b |
26 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + patch size + patch size*region |
3a,b |
27 |
% old-growth + region + % old-growth*region |
3,b |
28 |
% clearcut + region + % clearcut*region |
3,b |
29 |
fragmentation + region + fragmentation*region |
3,b |
30 |
patch size + region + patch size*region |
3,b |
31 |
region + edge prox. + edge type + % old-growth + fragmentation + % clearcut + |
1,2,3,a,b |
32 |
null |
n/a |
† All models (except null) include nest-type, camera, and elevation variables.
‡ 1 = no regional effects; 2 = regional effects; 3 = regional interactions; a = patch-scale effects; b = landscape-scale effects.
TABLE A2. Candidate model set for comparison of patterns between real and simulated nests.
# |
Model |
Hypothesis categories† |
1 |
edge type |
1a |
2 |
% old-growth |
1b |
3 |
fragmentation |
1b |
4 |
% clearcuts |
1b |
5 |
patch size |
1b |
6 |
% regenerating |
1b |
7 |
% immature |
1b |
8 |
elevation |
1c |
9 |
elevation + edge type |
1a,c |
10 |
elevation + % old-growth |
1b,c |
11 |
elevation + fragmentation |
1b,c |
12 |
elevation + % clearcuts |
1b,c |
13 |
elevation + patch size |
1b,c |
14 |
elevation + % regenerating |
1b,c |
15 |
elevation + % immature |
1b,c |
16 |
nest category |
2 |
17 |
edge type + nest category |
2a |
18 |
nest category + % old-growth |
2b |
19 |
nest category + fragmentation |
2b |
20 |
nest category + % clearcuts |
2b |
21 |
nest category + patch size |
2b |
22 |
nest category + % regenerating |
2b |
23 |
nest category + % immature |
2b |
24 |
edge type + nest category + % old-growth |
2a,b |
25 |
edge type + nest category + fragmentation |
2a,b |
26 |
edge type + nest category + % clearcuts |
2a,b |
27 |
edge type + nest category + patch size |
2a,b |
28 |
edge type + nest category + % regenerating |
2a,b |
29 |
edge type + nest category + % immature |
2a,b |
30 |
nest category + elevation |
2c |
31 |
elevation + edge type + nest category |
2a,c |
32 |
elevation + nest category + % old-growth |
2b,c |
33 |
elevation + nest category + fragmentation |
2b,c |
34 |
elevation + nest category + % clearcuts |
2b,c |
35 |
elevation + nest category + patch size |
2b,c |
36 |
elevation + nest category + % regenerating |
2b,c |
37 |
elevation + nest category + % immature |
2b,c |
38 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + % old-growth |
2a,b,c |
39 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + fragmentation |
2a,b,c |
40 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + % clearcuts |
2a,b,c |
41 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + patch size |
2a,b,c |
42 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + % regenerating |
2a,b,c |
43 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + % immature |
2a,b,c |
44 |
edge type + nest category + nest category*edge type |
3a |
45 |
nest category + % old-growth + nest category*% old-growth |
3b |
46 |
nest category + fragmentation + nest category*fragmentation |
3b |
47 |
nest category + % clearcuts + nest category*% clearcuts |
3b |
48 |
nest category + patch size + nest category*patch size |
3b |
49 |
nest category + % regenerating + nest category*% regenerating |
3b |
50 |
nest category + % immature + nest category*% immature |
3b |
51 |
edge type + nest category + % old-growth + nest category*% old-growth |
3a,b |
52 |
edge type + nest category + fragmentation + nest category*fragmentation |
3a,b |
53 |
edge type + nest category + % clearcuts + nest category*% clearcuts |
3a,b |
54 |
edge type + nest category + patch size + nest category*patch size |
3a,b |
55 |
edge type + nest category + % regenerating + nest category*% regenerating |
3a,b |
56 |
edge type + nest category + % immature + nest category*% immature |
3a,b |
57 |
elevation + nest category + nest category*elevation |
3c |
58 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + nest category*edge type |
3a,c |
59 |
elevation + nest category + % old-growth + nest category*% old-growth |
3b,c |
60 |
elevation + nest category + fragmentation + nest category*fragmentation |
3b,c |
61 |
elevation + nest category + % clearcuts + nest category*% clearcuts |
3b,c |
62 |
elevation + nest category + patch size + nest category*patch size |
3b,c |
63 |
elevation + nest category + % regenerating + nest category*% regenerating |
3b,c |
64 |
elevation + nest category + % immature + nest category*% immature |
3b,c |
65 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + % old-growth + nest category*% old-growth |
3a,b,c |
66 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + fragmentation + nest category*fragmentation |
3a,b,c |
67 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + % clearcuts + nest category*% clearcuts |
3a,b,c |
68 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + patch size + nest category*patch size |
3a,b,c |
69 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + % regenerating + nest category*% regenerating |
3a,b,c |
70 |
elevation + edge type + nest category + % immature + nest category*% immature |
3a,b,c |
† 1 = neither rates nor patterns of nest fates differ between real and simulated nests; 2 = absolute rates of nest fates differ between real and simulated nests, but patterns do not; 3 = both rates and patterns of nest fates differ between real and simulated nest; a = patch-scale effects; b = landscape-scale effects; c = elevation effect.
TABLE A3. Candidate model set for predicting detections of potential nest predators.
# |
Model† |
Hypothesis categories‡ |
1 |
edge type |
1,a |
2 |
% old-growth |
1,b |
3 |
% clearcut |
1,b |
4 |
% regenerating |
1,b |
5 |
% immature |
1,b |
6 |
fragmentation |
1,b |
7 |
Region |
2 |
8 |
region + edge type |
2,a |
9 |
region + edge type + % old-growth |
2,a,b |
10 |
region + edge type + % clearcut |
2,a,b |
11 |
region + edge type + % regenerating |
2,a,b |
12 |
region + edge type + % immature |
2,a,b |
13 |
region + edge type + fragmentation |
2,a,b |
14 |
region + edge type + % old-growth + % clearcut + % regenerating |
2,a,b |
15 |
region + edge type + fragmentation + % clearcut + % regenerating |
2,a,b |
16 |
region + edge type + region*edge type |
3,a |
17 |
region + edge type + % old-growth + % old-growth*region |
3,a,b |
18 |
region + edge type + % clearcut + % clearcut*region |
3,a,b |
19 |
region + edge type + % regenerating + % regenerating*region |
3,a,b |
20 |
region + edge type + % immature + % immature*region |
3,a,b |
21 |
region + edge type + fragmentation + fragmentation*region |
3,a,b |
† All models include elevation.
‡ 1 = no regional effects; 2 = regional effects; 3 = regional interactions; a = patch-scale effects; b = landscape-scale effects.