Ecological Archives A023-043-A2
David J. Augustine, Tim L. Springer. 2013. Competition and facilitation between a native and a domestic herbivore: trade-offs between forage quantity and quality. Ecological Applications 23:850–863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0890.1
Appendix B. Parameters used to calculate the effect of black-tailed prairie dogs on daily cattle energy gain.
Table B1. Parameters used to calculate the effect of black-tailed prairie dogs on daily cattle energy gain, as reported in Appendix C. Maximum daily intake rate (DIR) was calculated as a function of forage IVDMD and ungulate body mass based on the relationships between voluntary intake and forage digestibility reported by Bergman et al. (2001; see Figs. 1 and 2 therein). IIR values are based on forage biomass on and off colonies, predicted using functional response curves reported by Bergman et al. (2000) for yearling bison and by Laca et al. (1994) for 4-yr old cattle.
|
|
Body mass |
|
IVDMD (%) |
|
Maximum DIRa |
|
Forage Biomass (g/m²) |
IIR (g/min) |
||||
Functional |
|||||||||||||
Site |
Response |
kg |
lbs |
|
ON |
OFF |
|
g day-1 |
|
ON |
OFF |
ON |
OFF |
(1) Dry Shortgrass |
Bergman |
350 |
770 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
9146 |
33.5 |
53.8 |
13.83 |
19.27 |
|||
(Comanche) |
550 |
1210 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
14372 |
33.5 |
53.8 |
13.83 |
19.27 |
||||
750 |
1650 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
19598 |
33.5 |
53.8 |
13.83 |
19.27 |
|||||
Laca |
350 |
770 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
9146 |
33.5 |
53.8 |
6.01 |
9.38 |
||||
550 |
1210 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
14372 |
33.5 |
53.8 |
6.01 |
9.38 |
|||||
750 |
1650 |
60.0 |
60.0 |
19598 |
33.5 |
53.8 |
6.01 |
9.38 |
|||||
(2) Dry Mixedgrass |
Bergman |
350 |
770 |
37.0 |
33.0 |
3831 |
12.4 |
32.3 |
6.09 |
13.46 |
|||
(Phillips County) |
550 |
1210 |
37.0 |
33.0 |
6020 |
12.4 |
32.3 |
6.09 |
13.46 |
||||
750 |
1650 |
37.0 |
33.0 |
8209 |
12.4 |
32.3 |
6.09 |
13.46 |
|||||
Laca |
350 |
770 |
37.0 |
33.0 |
3831 |
12.4 |
32.3 |
2.29 |
5.8 |
||||
550 |
1210 |
37.0 |
33.0 |
6020 |
12.4 |
32.3 |
2.29 |
5.8 |
|||||
750 |
1650 |
37.0 |
33.0 |
8209 |
12.4 |
32.3 |
2.29 |
5.8 |
|||||
(3) Wet Mixedgrass |
Bergman |
350 |
770 |
58.9 |
51.0 |
8000 |
76.9 |
208.2 |
23.93 |
37.12 |
|||
(Buffalo Gap) |
550 |
1210 |
58.9 |
51.0 |
12571 |
76.9 |
208.2 |
23.93 |
37.12 |
||||
750 |
1650 |
58.9 |
51.0 |
17142 |
76.9 |
208.2 |
23.93 |
37.12 |
|||||
Laca |
350 |
770 |
58.9 |
51.0 |
8000 |
76.9 |
208.2 |
13.01 |
30.06 |
||||
550 |
1210 |
58.9 |
51.0 |
12571 |
76.9 |
208.2 |
13.01 |
30.06 |
|||||
750 |
1650 |
58.9 |
51.0 |
17142 |
76.9 |
208.2 |
13.01 |
30.06 |
|||||
(4) Wet Shortgrass |
Bergman |
350 |
770 |
62.7 |
59.6 |
9102 |
121.7 |
121.7 |
30.19 |
30.19 |
|||
(Pawnee) |
550 |
1210 |
62.7 |
59.6 |
14304 |
121.7 |
121.7 |
30.19 |
30.19 |
||||
750 |
1650 |
62.7 |
59.6 |
19505 |
121.7 |
121.7 |
30.19 |
30.19 |
|||||
Laca |
350 |
770 |
62.7 |
59.6 |
9102 |
121.7 |
121.7 |
19.44 |
19.44 |
||||
550 |
1210 |
62.7 |
59.6 |
14304 |
121.7 |
121.7 |
19.44 |
19.44 |
|||||
|
|
750 |
1650 |
|
62.7 |
59.6 |
|
19505 |
|
121.7 |
121.7 |
19.44 |
19.44 |
Literature Cited
Bergman, C., J. Fryxell, C. Gates, and D. Fortin. 2001. Ungulate foraging strategies: energy maximizing or time minimizing? Journal of Animal Ecology 70:289–300.
Laca, E. A., E. D. Ungar, and M. W. Demment. 1994. Mechanisms of handling time and intake rate of a large mammalian grazer. Applied Animal Behavior Science 39:3–19.