Ecological Archives A023-043-A2

David J. Augustine, Tim L. Springer. 2013. Competition and facilitation between a native and a domestic herbivore: trade-offs between forage quantity and quality. Ecological Applications 23:850–863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0890.1

Appendix B. Parameters used to calculate the effect of black-tailed prairie dogs on daily cattle energy gain.

Table B1. Parameters used to calculate the effect of black-tailed prairie dogs on daily cattle energy gain, as reported in Appendix C. Maximum daily intake rate (DIR) was calculated as a function of forage IVDMD and ungulate body mass based on the relationships between voluntary intake and forage digestibility reported by Bergman et al. (2001; see Figs. 1 and 2 therein). IIR values are based on forage biomass on and off colonies, predicted using functional response curves reported by Bergman et al. (2000) for yearling bison and by Laca et al. (1994) for 4-yr old cattle.

 

 

Body mass

 

IVDMD (%)

 

Maximum DIRa

 

Forage            Biomass (g/m²)

IIR (g/min)

Functional

Site

Response

kg

lbs

 

ON

OFF

 

g day-1

 

ON

OFF

ON

OFF

(1) Dry Shortgrass

Bergman

350

770

60.0

60.0

9146

33.5

53.8

13.83

19.27

(Comanche)

550

1210

60.0

60.0

14372

33.5

53.8

13.83

19.27

750

1650

60.0

60.0

19598

33.5

53.8

13.83

19.27

Laca

350

770

60.0

60.0

9146

33.5

53.8

6.01

9.38

550

1210

60.0

60.0

14372

33.5

53.8

6.01

9.38

750

1650

60.0

60.0

19598

33.5

53.8

6.01

9.38

(2) Dry Mixedgrass

Bergman

350

770

37.0

33.0

3831

12.4

32.3

6.09

13.46

(Phillips County)

550

1210

37.0

33.0

6020

12.4

32.3

6.09

13.46

750

1650

37.0

33.0

8209

12.4

32.3

6.09

13.46

Laca

350

770

37.0

33.0

3831

12.4

32.3

2.29

5.8

550

1210

37.0

33.0

6020

12.4

32.3

2.29

5.8

750

1650

37.0

33.0

8209

12.4

32.3

2.29

5.8

(3) Wet Mixedgrass

Bergman

350

770

58.9

51.0

8000

76.9

208.2

23.93

37.12

(Buffalo Gap)

550

1210

58.9

51.0

12571

76.9

208.2

23.93

37.12

750

1650

58.9

51.0

17142

76.9

208.2

23.93

37.12

Laca

350

770

58.9

51.0

8000

76.9

208.2

13.01

30.06

550

1210

58.9

51.0

12571

76.9

208.2

13.01

30.06

750

1650

58.9

51.0

17142

76.9

208.2

13.01

30.06

(4) Wet Shortgrass

Bergman

350

770

62.7

59.6

9102

121.7

121.7

30.19

30.19

(Pawnee)

550

1210

62.7

59.6

14304

121.7

121.7

30.19

30.19

750

1650

62.7

59.6

19505

121.7

121.7

30.19

30.19

Laca

350

770

62.7

59.6

9102

121.7

121.7

19.44

19.44

550

1210

62.7

59.6

14304

121.7

121.7

19.44

19.44

 

 

750

1650

 

62.7

59.6

 

19505

 

121.7

121.7

19.44

19.44

Literature Cited

Bergman, C., J. Fryxell, C. Gates, and D. Fortin. 2001. Ungulate foraging strategies: energy maximizing or time minimizing? Journal of Animal Ecology 70:289–300.

Laca, E. A., E. D. Ungar, and M. W. Demment. 1994. Mechanisms of handling time and intake rate of a large mammalian grazer. Applied Animal Behavior Science 39:3–19.


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