Appendix C. Mixed-model analysis of variance table for effects of grass competition, root herbivory by beetles, and full sibling family of milkweed on production of latex, cardenolides, and leaf carbon and nitrogen concentrations near the end of the second growing season. The likelihood-ratio test was used for the random effect (Family). Denominator degrees of freedom ranged between 110 to 127 and were determined by the Satterthwaite approximation.
Latex Cardenolides Carbon NitrogenF
P
F
P
F
P
F
P
Grass
0.65
0.422
0.18
0.675
0.02
0.882
0.81
0.369
Beetle
0.71
0.402
0.17
0.683
2.03
0.156
1.17
0.281
Grass × Beetle
0.13
0.722
0.23
0.635
1.69
0.196
4.45
0.037
Family
9.4
<0.001
0
0.5
0
0.5
9.0
<0.001