Appendix D. Nonlinear regression analyses modeling the effect of distance from the various classes of remnant vegetation and abiotic factors on the density of naturally regenerating tree and shrub species.
TABLE D1. Summary of results of nonlinear regression analyses, modeling the effect of distance from the various classes of remnant vegetation (biotic) and abiotic factors on the density of naturally regenerating tree and shrub species per 10 m2. See Notes at bottom of table for details.
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Forest |
Monocot |
Tree |
Shrub |
Habitat†† |
Biotic |
Abiotic |
Total |
F |
P |
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Species† |
Ex |
Lin‡ |
Ex |
Lin§ |
Ex |
Lin|| |
Ex |
Lin¶ |
linear |
linear |
partial |
partial |
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Total density of all individuals |
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F[3,87] = 22.65 |
<0.0001 |
Total number of species |
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F[4,86] = 7.24 |
0.0002 |
1. Wind-dispersed species (not reproducing) |
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Tric ga |
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F[3,87] = 6.15 |
0.0032 |
Lueh se |
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F[2,88] = 6.80 |
0.0107 |
Cord al |
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F[1,89] = 17.47 |
<0.0001 |
2. Wind-dispersed species (reproducing) |
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Coch vi |
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F[3,87] = 4.49 |
0.0139 |
3. Ballistic-dispersed species |
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Hyba pr |
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F[5,85] = 15.85 |
<0.0001 |
4. Small-bird-dispersed species |
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Mico ar |
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F[2,88] = 9.21 |
0.0002 |
Cecr in |
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F[6,84] = 12.03 |
<0.0001 |
Bana gu |
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Trem mi |
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Psyc gr |
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F[2,88] = 7.59 |
0.0009 |
5. Bat-dispersed species |
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Pipe ma |
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F[3,87] = 47.97 |
<0.0001 |
6. Large-arboreal-animal-dispersed species |
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Thev ah |
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F[2,88] = 4.50 |
0.0368 |
Quas am |
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Byrs cr |
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F[2,88] = 5.18 |
0.0252 |
Swar s2 |
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F[3,87] = 6.48 |
0.0024 |
Inga ve |
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F[2,88] = 4.76 |
0.0318 |
Spon mo |
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7. Agouti-dispersed species |
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Gust su |
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F[4,86] = 17.73 |
<0.0001 |
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Notes: Only the variables that were significant (P < 0.05) following backward elimination are presented. For remnant vegetation classes, both the negative exponential (Ex) and linear functions (Lin) were used in the model. All reported values in the 10 left-hand columns are R2 statistics resulting from regression against a single explanatory variable of distance from the various remnant vegetation classes or abiotic factors. Positive exponent: increasing density with distance from source; negative exponent: decreasing density with distance from source. Source includes: distance from the forest (Forest), distance from the nearest large-leaved monocot (Monocot), distance from the nearest remnant tree larger than 5 m in height (Tree), and distance from the nearest shrub or sapling 2.5–5 m in height (Shrub). Habitat: see note††. Biotic = partial R2 for all biotic variables. Abiotic = partial R2 for all abiotic variables. Total = total R2 for the (multiple) nonlinear regression model. F = F statistic; n = 90.
† Species: Bana gu = Banara guianensis, Byrs cr = Byrsonima crassifolia, Cecr in = Cecropia insignis, Coch vi = Cochlospermum vitifolium, Cord al = Cordia alliodora, Gust su = Gustavia superba, Hyba pr = Hybanthus prunifolius, Inga ve = Inga vera, Lueh se = Luehea seemannii, Mico ar = Miconia argentea, Pipe ma = Piper marginatum, Psyc gr = Psychotria grandis, Quas am = Quassia amara, Spon mo = Spondias mombin, Swar s2 = Swartzia simplex var. ochnacea, Thev ah = Thevetia ahouai, Trem mi = Trema micrantha, Tric ga = Trichospermum galeotti.
‡ Square root of distance from the forest.
§ Distance from the nearest large-leaved monocot (Musa sp., Heliconia sp.).
|| Square root of distance from the nearest isolated old-field tree larger than 5 m in height.
¶ Ln(distance from the nearest shrub or sapling between 2.5 m and 5 m in height).
†† Abiotic variables include: Live = biomass of live Saccharum (g), Dead = biomass of Saccharum litter (g), Fire = time since last wildfire (months). All abiotic variables were ln(x + 1) transformed, except fire; time since the last wildfire was not transformed.