Ecological Archives E085-116-A4

Elaine R. Hooper, Pierre Legendre, and Richard Condit. 2004. Factors affecting community composition of forest regeneration in deforested, abandoned land in Panama. Ecology 85:3313–3326.

Appendix D. Nonlinear regression analyses modeling the effect of distance from the various classes of remnant vegetation and abiotic factors on the density of naturally regenerating tree and shrub species.

TABLE D1. Summary of results of nonlinear regression analyses, modeling the effect of distance from the various classes of remnant vegetation (biotic) and abiotic factors on the density of naturally regenerating tree and shrub species per 10 m2. See Notes at bottom of table for details.


Forest

Monocot

Tree

Shrub

Habitat††

Biotic

Abiotic

Total

F

P






Species

Ex

Lin

Ex

Lin§

Ex

Lin||

Ex

Lin

linear

linear

partial

partial


Total density of all individuals

---

---

0.566-

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.566

0.000

0.566

F[3,87] = 22.65

<0.0001

Total number of species

---

0.611-

0.662-

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.679

0.000

0.679

F[4,86] = 7.24

0.0002

1. Wind-dispersed species (not reproducing)

Tric ga

---

0.091-

---

---

---

---

---

---

Fire 0.108-

---

0.091

0.108

0.161

F[3,87] = 6.15

0.0032

Lueh se

---

0.133-

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.133

0.000

0.133

F[2,88] = 6.80

0.0107

Cord al

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

Fire 0.164+

---

0.000

0.164

0.164

F[1,89] = 17.47

<0.0001

2. Wind-dispersed species (reproducing)

Coch vi

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

Fire 0.111-

Dead 0.120-

0.000

0.171

0.171

F[3,87] = 4.49

0.0139

3. Ballistic-dispersed species

Hyba pr

---

0.113-

0.335-

---

---

0.155-

---

---

---

---

0.464

0.000

0.464

F[5,85] = 15.85

<0.0001

4. Small-bird-dispersed species

Mico ar

---

---

---

---

0.173-

---

---

---

---

---

0.173

0.000

0.173

F[2,88] = 9.21

0.0002

Cecr in

---

---

0.312-

---

---

0.168+

---

---

---

---

0.440

0.00

0.440

F[6,84] = 12.03

<0.0001

Bana gu

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.000

0.000

0.000

Trem mi

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.000

0.000

0.000

Psyc gr

---

---

---

---

0.147-

---

---

---

---

---

0.147

0.000

0.147

F[2,88] = 7.59

0.0009

5. Bat-dispersed species

Pipe ma

---

---

0.577-

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.577

0.000

0.577

F[3,87] = 47.97

<0.0001

6. Large-arboreal-animal-dispersed species

Thev ah

---

0.096-

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.096

0.000

0.096

F[2,88] = 4.50

0.0368

Quas am

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.000

0.000

0.000

Byrs cr

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.112-

---

---

0.112

0.000

0.112

F[2,88] = 5.18

0.0252

Swar s2

---

0.250+

---

---

---

---

---

---

Dead 0.284+

---

0.250

0.284

0.317

F[3,87] = 6.48

0.0024

Inga ve

---

0.223-

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.223

0.000

0.223

F[2,88] = 4.76

0.0318

Spon mo

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

0.000

0.000

0.000

7. Agouti-dispersed species

Gust su

---

---

0.449-

---

---

---

---

---

Dead 0.283+

---

0.449

0.283

0.479

F[4,86] = 17.73

<0.0001


   Notes: Only the variables that were significant (P < 0.05) following backward elimination are presented. For remnant vegetation classes, both the negative exponential (Ex) and linear functions (Lin) were used in the model. All reported values in the 10 left-hand columns are R2 statistics resulting from regression against a single explanatory variable of distance from the various remnant vegetation classes or abiotic factors. Positive exponent: increasing density with distance from source; negative exponent: decreasing density with distance from source. Source includes: distance from the forest (Forest), distance from the nearest large-leaved monocot (Monocot), distance from the nearest remnant tree larger than 5 m in height (Tree), and distance from the nearest shrub or sapling 2.5–5 m in height (Shrub). Habitat: see note††. Biotic = partial R2 for all biotic variables. Abiotic = partial R2 for all abiotic variables. Total = total R2 for the (multiple) nonlinear regression model. F = F statistic; n = 90.

Species: Bana gu = Banara guianensis, Byrs cr = Byrsonima crassifolia, Cecr in = Cecropia insignis, Coch vi = Cochlospermum vitifolium, Cord al = Cordia alliodora, Gust su = Gustavia superba, Hyba pr = Hybanthus prunifolius, Inga ve = Inga vera, Lueh se = Luehea seemannii, Mico ar = Miconia argentea, Pipe ma = Piper marginatum, Psyc gr = Psychotria grandis, Quas am = Quassia amara, Spon mo = Spondias mombin, Swar s2 = Swartzia simplex var. ochnacea, Thev ah = Thevetia ahouai, Trem mi = Trema micrantha, Tric ga = Trichospermum galeotti.

Square root of distance from the forest.

§ Distance from the nearest large-leaved monocot (Musa sp., Heliconia sp.).

|| Square root of distance from the nearest isolated old-field tree larger than 5 m in height.

Ln(distance from the nearest shrub or sapling between 2.5 m and 5 m in height).

†† Abiotic variables include: Live = biomass of live Saccharum (g), Dead = biomass of Saccharum litter (g), Fire = time since last wildfire (months). All abiotic variables were ln(x + 1) transformed, except fire; time since the last wildfire was not transformed.



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