Appendix A. A photograph showing examples of anti-settlement defenses in crustose coralline algae.
(A): Epithallial shedding of >80% of thallus surfaces, removing most of the 2-day-old coral settlers on the crustose coralline algae (CCA) species N. fosliei in a single sloughing event. Two of the settlers are marked by arrows. Scale: ca. 1:1. (B): Overgrowth of two coral settlers (A. tenuis, 12 days old) by marginal growth of the CCA species P. onkodes (growing margins marked by arrows). Scale: 10:1. (C): Overgrowth of two coral settlers (A. tenuis, 15 days old) by thin layers of the CCA species T. prototypum (overgrowing CCA marked by arrows). Scale: 10:1.