Ecological Archives E089-021-A4

Ian Kaplan, Rayko Halitschke, André Kessler, Sandra Sardanelli, and Robert F. Denno. 2008. Constitutive and induced defenses to herbivory in above- and belowground plant tissues. Ecology 89:392–406.

Appendix D. Plants and secondary chemicals used for comparison of constitutive defenses between leaves and roots.

Chemical
Plant
Proportion in leaves
Proportion in roots
Study
glucosinolate-1 Barbarea intermedia 0.018181818 0.981818182 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-2R Barbarea intermedia 0.625 0.375 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-2S Barbarea intermedia 0.685314685 0.314685315 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-4 Barbarea intermedia 0.510204082 0.489795918 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-2R Barbarea orthoceras 0.230769231 0.769230769 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-2S Barbarea orthoceras 0.59375 0.40625 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-3S Barbarea orthoceras 0.571428571 0.428571429 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-4 Barbarea orthoceras 0.632911392 0.367088608 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-2R Barbarea stricta 0.230769231 0.769230769 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-2S Barbarea stricta 0.579268293 0.420731707 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-3S Barbarea stricta 0.666666667 0.333333333 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-4 Barbarea stricta 0.690140845 0.309859155 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-5 Barbarea stricta 0.044444444 0.955555556 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-4 Barbarea verna 0.7 0.3 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-5 Barbarea verna 0.416666667 0.583333333 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-1 Barbarea vulgaris 0.03690369 0.96309631 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-2R Barbarea vulgaris 0.423188406 0.576811594 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-2S Barbarea vulgaris 0.676013277 0.323986723 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-3R Barbarea vulgaris 0.75 0.25 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-4 Barbarea vulgaris 0.737472212 0.262527788 Agerbirk et al. 2003
glucosinolate-5 Barbarea vulgaris 0.081498681 0.918501319 Agerbirk et al. 2003
nicotine  Nicotiana attenuata 0.879518072 0.120481928 Baldwin 1996
flavonoid and isoflavonoid glycosides Lupinus albus 0.612711864 0.387288136 Bednarek et al. 2003
4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate Moringa oleifera 0.695749441 0.304250559 Bennett et al. 2003
4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate Moringa stenopetala 0.141657922 0.858342078 Bennett et al. 2003
azcarpaine Azima tetracantha 0.998990382 0.001009618 Bennett et al. 2004
azimine Azima tetracantha 0.997310284 0.002689716 Bennett et al. 2004
carpaine Azima tetracantha 0.999469308 0.000530692 Bennett et al. 2004
3-indolylmethylglucosinolate Azima tetracantha 0.285714286 0.714285714 Bennett et al. 2004
neoascorbigen Azima tetracantha 0.954983923 0.045016077 Bennett et al. 2004
N-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl-glucosinolate Azima tetracantha 0.076648841 0.923351159 Bennett et al. 2004
gossypol Gossypium herbaceum 0.000388199 0.999611801 Bezemer et al. 2004
tannins Lycopersicon esculentum (cv Baron) 0.784949203 0.215050797 Bialczyk et al. 1998
pyrrolizidine alkaloids Chromolaena odorata 0.051128512 0.948871488 Biller et al. 1994
proanthocyanidins Gossypium hirsutum 0.597156398 0.402843602 Booker 2000
chitinase Citrus aurantium 0.766813745 0.233186255 Borowicz et al. 2003
peroxidase Citrus aurantium 0.841797054 0.158202946 Borowicz et al. 2003
β-1,3-glucanase Citrus aurantium 0.145846029 0.854153971 Borowicz et al. 2003
chitinase Citrus paradise Macf. X Poncirus trifoliate 0.709437086 0.290562914 Borowicz et al. 2003
peroxidase Citrus paradise Macf. X Poncirus trifoliate 0.77185613 0.22814387 Borowicz et al. 2003
β-1,3-glucanase Citrus paradise Macf. X Poncirus trifoliate 0.745038168 0.254961832 Borowicz et al. 2003
7-OH-HBOA Stenandrium dulce 0.352941176 0.647058824 Bravo et al. 2004
BOA Stenandrium dulce 0.097560976 0.902439024 Bravo et al. 2004
DIBOA Stenandrium dulce 0.837837838 0.162162162 Bravo et al. 2004
HBOA Stenandrium dulce 0.139240506 0.860759494 Bravo et al. 2004
1-methoxy I3M (neoglucobrassicin) Arabidopsis thaliana 0.086580087 0.913419913 Brown et al. 2003
3-methylsulfinylpropyl (glucoiberin) Arabidopsis thaliana 0.398648649 0.601351351 Brown et al. 2003
4-hydroxy I3M Arabidopsis thaliana 0.529411765 0.470588235 Brown et al. 2003
4-methoxy I3M Arabidopsis thaliana 0.178571429 0.821428571 Brown et al. 2003
4-methylsulfinylbutyl (glucoraphanin) Arabidopsis thaliana 0.481276006 0.518723994 Brown et al. 2003
4-methylthiobutyl (glucoerucin) Arabidopsis thaliana 0.377358491 0.622641509 Brown et al. 2003
5-methylsulfinylpentyl (glucoalyssin) Arabidopsis thaliana 0.55704698 0.44295302 Brown et al. 2003
7-methylsulfinylheptyl Arabidopsis thaliana 0.214285714 0.785714286 Brown et al. 2003
8-methylsulfinyloctyl (glucohirsutin) Arabidopsis thaliana 0.448979592 0.551020408 Brown et al. 2003
indol-3-ylmethyl (I3M) (glucobrassicin) Arabidopsis thaliana 0.689320388 0.310679612 Brown et al. 2003
total phenolics Erica australis 0.433333333 0.566666667 Carballeira 1980
4-hydroxyglucobrassicin Brassica oleracea 0.06010929 0.93989071 Charron and Sams 2004
4-methoxyglucobrassicin Brassica oleracea 0.064516129 0.935483871 Charron and Sams 2004
glucobrassicin Brassica oleracea 0.165644172 0.834355828 Charron and Sams 2004
glucoiberin Brassica oleracea 0.848484848 0.151515152 Charron and Sams 2004
gluconapin Brassica oleracea 0.673469388 0.326530612 Charron and Sams 2004
glucoraphanin Brassica oleracea 0.723076923 0.276923077 Charron and Sams 2004
neoglucobrassicin Brassica oleracea 0.017578125 0.982421875 Charron and Sams 2004
progoitrin Brassica oleracea 0.470219436 0.529780564 Charron and Sams 2004
sinigrin Brassica oleracea 0.700680272 0.299319728 Charron and Sams 2004
polyphenolics Potamogeton amplifolius 0.688152866 0.311847134 Cronin and Lodge 2003
cyanide Macadamia integrifolia 0.637188209 0.362811791 Dahler et al. 1995
cyanide Macadamia ternifolia 0.581081081 0.418918919 Dahler et al. 1995
cyanide Macadamia tetraphylla 0.614864865 0.385135135 Dahler et al. 1995
aucubin Plantago lanceolata 0.512944984 0.487055016 Darrow and Bowers 1999
catalpol Plantago lanceolata 0.620289855 0.379710145 Darrow and Bowers 1999
caffeic acid Plantago maritima 0.596830986 0.403169014 Davey et al. 2004
ferulic acid Plantago maritima 0.698412698 0.301587302 Davey et al. 2004
p-coumaric acid Plantago maritima 0.616352201 0.383647799 Davey et al. 2004
verbascoside Plantago maritima 0.292534992 0.707465008 Davey et al. 2004
bergapten Apium graveolens 0.959980493 0.040019507 Diawara et al. 1995
psoralen Apium graveolens 0.963993746 0.036006254 Diawara et al. 1995
xanthotoxin Apium graveolens 0.944647452 0.055352548 Diawara et al. 1995
alkaloids Anthocercis littorea 0.615384615 0.384615385 Evans and Treagust 1973
alkaloids Anthocercis viscosa 0.47826087 0.52173913 Evans and Treagust 1973
cyanogenic glucosides Vitis vinifera 0.972222222 0.027777778 Franks et al. 2005
α-tomatine Lycopersicon esculentum 0.913212271 0.086787729 Friedman and Levin 1995
phalaenopsine Phalaenopsis sp. 0.380888291 0.619111709 Frölich et al. 2006
alkaloids Festuca arundinacea 0.508474576 0.491525424 Gentry et al. 1969
chymotrypsin inhibitor I Lycopersicon esculentum 0.770491803 0.229508197 Green and Ryan 1972
erucifoline Senecio jacobaea 0.987301587 0.012698413 Hol et al. 2003
integerrimine Senecio jacobaea 0.395147314 0.604852686 Hol et al. 2003
jacobine Senecio jacobaea 0.835192069 0.164807931 Hol et al. 2003
senecionine Senecio jacobaea 0.176346357 0.823653643 Hol et al. 2003
seneciphylline Senecio jacobaea 0.758077226 0.241922774 Hol et al. 2003
DIBOA Zea mays 0.523848684 0.476151316 Huang et al. 2006
DIMBOA Zea mays 0.238330171 0.761669829 Huang et al. 2006
HMBOA Zea mays 0.298774741 0.701225259 Huang et al. 2006
condensed tannins Larrea tridentata 0.507065669 0.492934331 Hyder et al. 2002
total phenolics Larrea tridentata 0.559614488 0.440385512 Hyder et al. 2002
atropine Datura stramonium 0.398809524 0.601190476 Iranbakhsh et al. 2006
scopolamine Datura stramonium 0.808823529 0.191176471 Iranbakhsh et al. 2006
thiophene (AcOCH2BBT) Tagetes patula 0.60472973 0.39527027 Jacobs et al. 1994
thiophene (BBT) Tagetes patula 0.002185575 0.997814425 Jacobs et al. 1994
thiophene (BBTOAc) Tagetes patula 0.040752351 0.959247649 Jacobs et al. 1994
alkenyl glucosinolates Brassica napus 0.582051282 0.417948718 Jürges and Röbbelen 1980
gluconasturtiin Brassica napus 0.03083004 0.96916996 Jürges and Röbbelen 1980
indole glucosinolates Brassica napus 0.360458284 0.639541716 Jürges and Röbbelen 1980
total phenolics Picea abies 0.532994924 0.467005076 Kainulainen et al. 1995
ellagic acid der 2: arabinoside Betula pubescens 0.151898734 0.848101266 Keski-Saari and Tiitto 2003
gallic acid der 1 Betula pubescens 0.666666667 0.333333333 Keski-Saari and Tiitto 2003
β-1,3-glucanase Pennisetum glaucum 0.907894737 0.092105263 Kini et al. 2000
α-copaene, germacrene D, and δ-cadinene Zea mays 0.931034483 0.068965517 Köllner et al. 2004
dehydrotomatine Lycopersicon esculentum 0.999835553 0.000164447 Kozukue et al. 2004
solanine Solanum tuberosum 0.722580645 0.277419355 Lampitt et al. 1943
tannins Geranium sanguineum 0.429533025 0.570466975 Leifertova and Buckova 1969
tannins Geranium palustre 0.422976501 0.577023499 Leifertova and Buckova 1969
tannins Geranium pratense 0.389918139 0.610081861 Leifertova and Buckova 1969
tannins Geranium silvaticum 0.425876011 0.574123989 Leifertova and Buckova 1969
tannins Geranium nodosum 0.42331542 0.57668458 Leifertova and Buckova 1969
tannins Geranium phaeum 0.369749638 0.630250362 Leifertova and Buckova 1969
4-methoxyglucobrassicin Brassica rapa 0.00203666 0.99796334 Loivamäki et al. 2004
4-OH-glucobrassicin Brassica rapa 0.455567096 0.544432904 Loivamäki et al. 2004
glucobrassicanapin Brassica rapa 0.8866692 0.1133308 Loivamäki et al. 2004
glucobrassicin Brassica rapa 0.491480193 0.508519807 Loivamäki et al. 2004
glucoerucin Brassica rapa 0.666666667 0.333333333 Loivamäki et al. 2004
gluconapoleiferin Brassica rapa 0.403306474 0.596693526 Loivamäki et al. 2004
gluconasturtin Brassica rapa 0.039179307 0.960820693 Loivamäki et al. 2004
glucorafanin Brassica rapa 0.344352617 0.655647383 Loivamäki et al. 2004
progoitrin Brassica rapa 0.508064516 0.491935484 Loivamäki et al. 2004
2-butylglucosinolate Cardamine cordifolia 0.238095238 0.761904762 Louda and Rodman 1983
2-phenylethylglucosinolate Cardamine cordifolia 0.142857143 0.857142857 Louda and Rodman 1983
benzylglucosinolate Cardamine cordifolia 0.5 0.5 Louda and Rodman 1983
isobutylglucosinolate Cardamine cordifolia 0.333333333 0.666666667 Louda and Rodman 1983
isopropylglucosinolate Cardamine cordifolia 0.142857143 0.857142857 Louda and Rodman 1983
chitinase Brassica campestris 0.760472936 0.239527064 Ludwig-Müller et al. 1994
peroxidase Brassica campestris 0.058338193 0.941661807 Ludwig-Müller et al. 1994
scopolin Nicotiana tabacum 0.097794781 0.902205219 Matros et al. 2006
condensed tannins Betula papyrifera 0.429679049 0.570320951 Mattson et al. 2005
lignin Betula papyrifera 0.431205616 0.568794384 Mattson et al. 2005
total phenolics Betula papyrifera 0.622971656 0.377028344 Mattson et al. 2005
chlorogenic acid Cicer arietinum 0.975609756 0.024390244 Maurya et al. 2005
gallic acid Cicer arietinum 0.533527697 0.466472303 Maurya et al. 2005
o-coumaric acid Cicer arietinum 0.705882353 0.294117647 Maurya et al. 2005
salicylic acid Cicer arietinum 0.539215686 0.460784314 Maurya et al. 2005
tannic acid Cicer arietinum 0.460526316 0.539473684 Maurya et al. 2005
furanocoumarins Ruta graveolens 0.545454545 0.454545455 Milesi et al. 2001
phenolic compounds Heteromeles arbutifolia 0.956815755 0.043184245 Mooney and Chu 1974
cardenolides Asclepias eriocarpa 0.612307692 0.387692308 Nelson et al. 1981
β-Glucosidase Secale cereale 0.783950617 0.216049383 Nikus and Jonsson 1999
β-Glucosidase Triticum aestivum 0.666666667 0.333333333 Nikus and Jonsson 1999
β-Glucosidase Zea mays 0.316005472 0.683994528 Nikus and Jonsson 1999
nicotine Nicotiana sylvestris 0.357142857 0.642857143 Ohnmeiss and Baldwin 2000
phenylphenalenone-2 Xiphidium caeruleum 0.222222222 0.777777778 Opitz and Schneider 2002
phenylphenalenone-3 Xiphidium caeruleum 0.325203252 0.674796748 Opitz and Schneider 2002
phenylphenalenone-4 Xiphidium caeruleum 0.952380952 0.047619048 Opitz and Schneider 2002
phenylphenalenone-5 Xiphidium caeruleum 0.333333333 0.666666667 Opitz and Schneider 2002
phenylphenalenone-7 Xiphidium caeruleum 0.987242395 0.012757605 Opitz and Schneider 2002
phenylphenalenone-9 Xiphidium caeruleum 0.245614035 0.754385965 Opitz and Schneider 2002
alkaloids Tylophora asthmatica 0.418074945 0.581925055 Phillipson et al. 1974
alkaloids Tylophora flava 0.709543568 0.290456432 Phillipson et al. 1974
alkaloids Tylophora cordifolia 0.474025974 0.525974026 Phillipson et al. 1974
alkaloid1 Nicotiana tabacum 0.473702153 0.526297847 Present study
alkaloid3 Nicotiana tabacum 0.790018217 0.209981783 Present study
alkaloid4 Nicotiana tabacum 0.738746582 0.261253418 Present study
nicotine  Nicotiana tabacum 0.591443652 0.408556348 Present study
phenolic2 Nicotiana tabacum 0.137299903 0.862700097 Present study
rutin Nicotiana tabacum 0.989042742 0.010957258 Present study
chlorogenic acid Nicotiana tabacum 0.679073341 0.320926659 Present study; Sheen 1969
∂-terpinene Pinus ponderosa 0.591836735 0.408163265 Radwan et al. 1982
3-carene and myrcene Pinus ponderosa 0.440677966 0.559322034 Radwan et al. 1982
borneol Pinus ponderosa 0.56 0.44 Radwan et al. 1982
camphene Pinus ponderosa 0.550261097 0.449738903 Radwan et al. 1982
citronellyl acetate Pinus ponderosa 0.795918367 0.204081633 Radwan et al. 1982
fenchyl alcohol Pinus ponderosa 0.204081633 0.795918367 Radwan et al. 1982
limnonene Pinus ponderosa 0.473074301 0.526925699 Radwan et al. 1982
other unknowns Pinus ponderosa 0.626984127 0.373015873 Radwan et al. 1982
p-cymene Pinus ponderosa 0.333333333 0.666666667 Radwan et al. 1982
terpinen-4-ol Pinus ponderosa 0.589949749 0.410050251 Radwan et al. 1982
terpinolene Pinus ponderosa 0.532097004 0.467902996 Radwan et al. 1982
α-pinene Pinus ponderosa 0.573708471 0.426291529 Radwan et al. 1982
α-terpinene Pinus ponderosa 0.469111969 0.530888031 Radwan et al. 1982
α-terpineol Pinus ponderosa 0.473846154 0.526153846 Radwan et al. 1982
β-phellandrene Pinus ponderosa 0.633333333 0.366666667 Radwan et al. 1982
β-pinene and sabinene Pinus ponderosa 0.578454731 0.421545269 Radwan et al. 1982
rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid Zostera marina 0.658119658 0.341880342 Ravn et al. 1994
chicoric acid Cichorium intybus 0.774732721 0.225267279 Rees and Harborne 1985
8-deoxylactucin Cichorium intybus 0.397453544 0.602546456 Rees and Harborne 1985
lactucin Cichorium intybus 0.231638418 0.768361582 Rees and Harborne 1985
lactupicrin Cichorium intybus 0.413206603 0.586793397 Rees and Harborne 1985
20-hydroxyecdysone Spinacia oleracea 0.780424833 0.219575167 Schmelz et al. 1998, 1999
scopolin Nicotiana tabacum 0.328519856 0.671480144 Sheen 1969
scopoletin Nicotiana tabacum 0.360824742 0.639175258 Sheen 1969
chlorogenic acid oxidase Nicotiana tabacum 0.099829219 0.900170781 Sheen 1969
peroxidase Nicotiana tabacum 0.584772131 0.415227869 Sheen 1969
total alkaloids Catharanthus roseus 0.393001346 0.606998654 Shukla et al. 2006
pyrrolizidine alkaloid A Anchusa strigosa 0.066666667 0.933333333 Siciliano et al. 2005
pyrrolizidine alkaloid B Anchusa strigosa 0.922425033 0.077574967 Siciliano et al. 2005
pyrrolizidine alkaloid C Anchusa strigosa 0.985714286 0.014285714 Siciliano et al. 2005
pyrrolizidine alkaloid D Anchusa strigosa 0.897603486 0.102396514 Siciliano et al. 2005
pyrrolizidine alkaloid E Anchusa strigosa 0.996845426 0.003154574 Siciliano et al. 2005
hydroxynitrile lyase Manihot esculenta 0.986394558 0.013605442 Siritunga et al. 2004
gossypol Gossypium hirsutum 0.142776479 0.857223521 Stipanovic et al. 2006
hemigossypolone Gossypium hirsutum 0.93798376 0.06201624 Stipanovic et al. 2006
glucobrassicin, 4-OH glucobrassicin, 4-methoxy glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin Brassica nigra 0.055083465 0.944916535 van Dam and Raaijmakers 2006
glucobrassicanapin, gluconapin Brassica oleracea 0.504285682 0.495714318 van Dam and Raaijmakers 2006
pyrrolizidine alkaloids Cynoglossum officinale 0.374203808 0.625796192 van Dam and Vrieling 1994
trypsin PI Nicotiana attenuata 0.833333333 0.166666667 van Dam et al. 2001
sinigrin Brassica nigra 0.703 0.297 van Dam et al. 2004
gluconasturtiin Brassica nigra 0.084512603 0.915487397 van Dam et al. 2004
gluconasturtiin Brassica oleracea 0.075170876 0.924829124 van Dam et al. 2004
glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin, glucoerucin Brassica oleracea 0.166172107 0.833827893 van Dam et al. 2004
progoitrin, gluconapoleiferin Brassica oleracea 0.460431655 0.539568345 van Dam et al. 2004
solasodine Solanum carolinense 0.085909508 0.914090492 Walls et al. 2005
polyphenols Solanum carolinense 0.178414714 0.821585286 Walls et al. 2005
quinolizidine alkaloids Cytisus scoparius 0.967741935 0.032258065 Wink 1985
quinolizidine alkaloids Lupinus polyphyllus 0.923076923 0.076923077 Wink 1985
xanthotoxin Pastinaca sativa 0.964285714 0.035714286 Zangerl and Rutledge 1996
ajmalicine Catharanthus pusillus 0.36 0.64 Zárate et al. 2001
catharanthine Catharanthus pusillus 0.848670757 0.151329243 Zárate et al. 2001
tubotaiwine Catharanthus pusillus 0.364177132 0.635822868 Zárate et al. 2001
yohimbine Catharanthus pusillus 0.944 0.056 Zárate et al. 2001
anagyrine/thermopsine Calia secundiflora 0.428448276 0.571551724 Zavala-Chávez et al. 2006
cytisine Calia secundiflora 0.154929577 0.845070423 Zavala-Chávez et al. 2006
lupinine Calia secundiflora 0.603845456 0.396154544 Zavala-Chávez et al. 2006
N-methylcytisine Calia secundiflora 0.495280146 0.504719854 Zavala-Chávez et al. 2006
sparteine Calia secundiflora 0.762852405 0.237147595 Zavala-Chávez et al. 2006
unidentified alkaloid Calia secundiflora 0.340179718 0.659820282 Zavala-Chávez et al. 2006
harmine Peganum harmala 0.137931034 0.862068966 Zayed and Wink 2005
β-1,3-glucanase Capsicum annuum 0.485362096 0.514637904 Zheng et al. 2004
chitinase Capsicum annuum 0.62907007 0.37092993 Zheng et al. 2004
peroxidase Capsicum annuum 0.536741214 0.463258786 Zheng et al. 2004
superoxide dismutase Capsicum annuum 0.515285996 0.484714004 Zheng et al. 2004
hydrogen peroxide Capsicum annuum 0.232258065 0.767741935 Zheng et al. 2004
scopolamine Brugmansia suaveolens 0.747016706 0.252983294 Alves et al. 2007

† See Appendix F for full citations.



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