Appendix A. Published studies included in the meta-analysis.
1. Barazani, O., M. Benderoth, K. Groten, C. Kuhlemeier, and I. T. Baldwin. 2005. Piriformospora indica and Sebacina vermifera increase growth performance at the expense of herbivore resistance in Nicotiana attenuata. Oecologia 146:234–243.
2. Borowicz, V. A. 1997. A fungal root symbiont modifies plant resistance to an insect herbivore. Oecologia 112:534–542.
3. Gange, A. C. 1996. Reduction in vine weevil larval growth by mycorrhizal fungi. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft H316:56–60.
4. Gange, A. C. 2001. Species-specific responses of a root- and shoot-feeding insect to arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of its host plant. New Phytologist 150:611–618.
5. Gange, A. C., E. Bower, and V. K. Brown. 1999. Positive effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on aphid life history traits. Oecologia 120:123–131.
6. Gange, A. C., E. Bower, and V. K. Brown. 2002. Differential effects of insect herbivory on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. Oecologia 131:103–112.
7. Gange, A. C., V. K. Brown, and D. M. Aplin. 2003. Multitrophic links between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and insect parasitoids. Ecology Letters 6:1051–1055.
8. Gange, A. C., V. K. Brown, and D. M. Aplin. 2005. Ecological specificity of arbuscular mycorrhizae: evidence from foliar- and seed-feeding insects. Ecology 86:603–611.
9. Gange, A. C., V. K. Brown, and G. S. Sinclair. 1994. Reduction of black weevil growth by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection. Entomologia Experimentalis & Applicata 70:115–119.
10. Gange, A. C., D. R. J. Gane, Y. L. Chen, and M. Q. Gong. 2005. Dual colonization of Eucalyptus urophylla ST Blake by arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi affects levels of insect herbivore attack. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 7:253–263.
11. Gange, A. C., and H. E. Nice. 1997. Performance of the thistle gall fly, Urophora cardui, in relation to host plant nitrogen and mycorrhizal colonization. New Phytologist 137:335–343.
12. Gange, A. C., P. G. Stagg, L. K. Ward. 2002. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect phytophagous insect specialism. Ecology Letters 5:11–15.
13. Gange, A. C., and H. M. West. 1994. Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and foliar-feeding insects in Plantago lanceolata L. New Phytologist 128:79–87.
14. Gehring , C. A. , N. S. Cobb, and T. G. Whitham. 1997. Three-way interactions among ectomycorrhizal mutualists, scale insects, and resistance and susceptible pinyon pines. American Naturalist 149:824–841.
15. Gehring , C. A. , and T. G. Whitham. 2002. Mycorrhizae-herbivore interactions: population and community consequences. Pages 295–320 in M. G. A. van der Heijden and I. Sanders, Editors. Mycorrhizal Ecology. Ecological Studies, vol. 157. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Germany.
16. Goverde, M., M. G. A. van der Heiden, A. Wiemken, I. R. Sanders, and A. Erhardt. 2000. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence life history traits of a lepidopteran herbivore. Oecologia 125:362–369.
17. Halldorsson, G., H. Sverrisson, G. G. Eyjolfsdottir, and E. S. Oddsdottir. 2000. Ectomycorrhizae reduce damage to Russian larch by Otiorhyncus larvae. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 15:354–358.
18. Kula, A. R., D. C. Hartnett, and G. W. T. Wilson. 2005. Effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis on tallgrass prairie plant-herbivore interactions. Ecology Letters 8:61–69.
19. Manninen, A. M., T. Holopainen, and J. K. Holopainen. 1998. Susceptibility of ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings to a generalist insect herbivore, Lygus rugulipennis, at two nitrogen availability levels. New Phytologist 140:55–63.
20. Manninen, A. M., T. Holopainen, and J. K. Holopainen. 1999. Performance of grey pine aphid, Schizolachnus pineti, on ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Scots pine seedlings at different levels of nitrogen availability. Entomologic Experimentalis et Applicata 93:117–120.
21. Manninen, A. M., T. Holopainen, P. Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa, and J. K. Holopainen. 2000. The role of low-level ozone exposure and mycorrhizas in chemical quality and insect herbivore performance on Scots pine seedlings. Global Change Biology 6:111–121.
22. Rabin, L. B., and R. S. Pacovsky. 1985. Reduced larva growth of two Lepidopteran (Noctuidae) on excised leaves of soybean infected with a mycorrhizal fungus. Journal of Economic Entomology 78:1358–1363.
23. Rieske, L. K. 2001. Influence of symbiotic fungal colonization on oak seedling growth and suitability for insect herbivory. Environmental Entomology 30:849–854.
24. Rieske, L. K., C. C. Rhoades, and S. P. Miller. 2003. Foliar chemistry and gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), herbivory on pure American chestnut, Castanea dentate (Fam: Fagaceae), and a disease-resistant hybrid. Environmental Entomology 32:359–365.
25. Vicari, M., P. E. Hatcher, and P. G. Ayres. 2002. Combined effect of foliar and mycorrhizal endophytes on an insect herbivore. Ecology 83:2452–2464.
26. Wamberg, C., S. Christensen, and I. Jakobsen. 2003. Interaction between foliar-feeding insects, mycorrhizal fungi, and rhizosphere protozoa on pea plants. Pedobiologia 47:281–287.
27. Wooley , S. C. , and T. D. Paine. 2007. Can intra-specific genetic variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus etunicatum) affect a mesophyll-feeding herbivore (Tupicoris notatus Distant)? Ecological Entomology 32:428–434.
28. Wurst, S., D. Dugassa-Gobena, R. Langel, M. Bonkowski, and S. Scheu. 2004. Combined effects of earthworms and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on plant and aphid performance. New Phytologist 163:169–176.