Appendix B (TABLE B1). Model-averaged parameter estimates for top AIC-ranked models predicting ungulate distribution on the landscape in Karongwe Game Reserve, South Africa. In bold are parameter estimates with the strongest effect (odds ratios ± 95% CI do not include 1).
Species |
LN |
LP |
CH |
WD |
HY |
CR |
OR |
OW |
OS |
Impala |
-0.40 (0.03) |
-0.15 (0.03) |
-0.08 (0.02) |
-0.07 (0.03) |
- |
-1.11 (0.26) |
-0.34 (0.08) |
-0.29 (0.07) |
- |
Warthog |
-0.72 (0.10) |
-0.48 (0.11) |
-0.42 (0.10) |
-0.12 (0.12) |
- |
-0.85 (0.27) |
-0.97 (0.33) |
- |
0.20 (0.05) |
Wildebeest |
-0.26 (0.06) |
-0.40 (0.07) |
- |
- |
- |
-0.97 (0.48) |
- |
- |
0.95 (0.08) |
Waterbuck |
-0.04 (0.11) |
-0.26 (0.13) |
-0.12 (0.10) |
-0.12 (0.12) |
-0.29 (0.07) |
-0.54 (0.03) |
1.16 (0.37) |
1.75 (0.29) |
1.09 (0.58) |
Kudu |
0.37 (0.19) |
-0.18 (0.17) |
-0.10 (0.07) |
-0.26 (0.11) |
- |
-0.28 (0.15) |
- |
- |
0.48 (0.21) |
Zebra |
-0.16 (0.06) |
-0.19 (0.08) |
- |
- |
- |
-13.66 (4.21) |
- |
-1.77 (0.40) |
0.54 (0.09) |
Giraffe |
-0.46 (0.15) |
-0.18 (0.04) |
- |
- |
- |
-0.61 (0.21) |
0.18 (0.45) |
0.96 (0.31) |
1.13 (0.42) |
Utilization distributions of predators: lion (LN), leopard (LP), cheetah (CH), African wild dog (WD), spotted hyena (HY); Habitat types: closed riverine (CR), open riverine (OR), open woodland (OW), open scrub (OS)