Ecological Archives E092-035-A2

Maria Thaker, Abi T. Vanak, Cailey R. Owen, Monika B. Ogden, Sophie M. Niemann, and Rob Slotow. 2011. Minimizing predation risk in a landscape of multiple predators: effects on the spatial distribution of African ungulates. Ecology 92:398–407.

Appendix B (TABLE B1). Model-averaged parameter estimates for top AIC-ranked models predicting ungulate distribution on the landscape in Karongwe Game Reserve, South Africa. In bold are parameter estimates with the strongest effect (odds ratios ± 95% CI do not include 1). 

 
Predator utilization distributions
Habitat types

Species

LN

LP

CH

WD

HY

CR

OR

OW

OS

Impala

-0.40 (0.03)

-0.15 (0.03)

-0.08 (0.02)

-0.07 (0.03)

-

-1.11 (0.26)

-0.34 (0.08)

-0.29 (0.07)

-

Warthog

-0.72 (0.10)

-0.48 (0.11)

-0.42 (0.10)

-0.12 (0.12)

-

-0.85 (0.27)

-0.97 (0.33)

-

0.20 (0.05)

Wildebeest

-0.26 (0.06)

-0.40 (0.07)

-

-

-

-0.97 (0.48)

-

-

0.95 (0.08)

Waterbuck

-0.04 (0.11)

-0.26 (0.13)

-0.12 (0.10)

-0.12 (0.12)

-0.29 (0.07)

-0.54 (0.03)

1.16 (0.37)

1.75 (0.29)

1.09 (0.58)

Kudu

0.37 (0.19)

-0.18 (0.17)

-0.10 (0.07)

-0.26 (0.11)

-

-0.28 (0.15)

-

-

0.48 (0.21)

Zebra

-0.16 (0.06)

-0.19 (0.08)

-

-

-

-13.66 (4.21)

-

-1.77 (0.40)

0.54 (0.09)

Giraffe

-0.46 (0.15)

-0.18 (0.04)

-

-

-

-0.61 (0.21)

0.18 (0.45)

0.96 (0.31)

1.13 (0.42)

Utilization distributions of predators: lion (LN), leopard (LP), cheetah (CH), African wild dog (WD), spotted hyena (HY); Habitat types: closed riverine (CR), open riverine (OR), open woodland (OW), open scrub (OS)


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