Ecological Archives M076-015-A5

Shannon M. Murphy and Paul Feeny. 2006. Chemical facilitation of a naturally occurring host shift by Papilio machaon butterflies (Papilionidae). Ecological Monographs 76:399–414.

Appendix E. Female Papilio machaon aliaska oviposition preferences for polar Cnidium cnidiifolium extract (Cc) compared to preferences for Cnidium cnidiifolium extract combined with either polar Artemisia frigida extract (Cc+Af) or A. frigida fractions (Cc+AfF1 and Cc+AfF2). C. cnidiifolium is the ancestral host plant of P. m. aliaska. A. frigida is not a P. m. aliaska host plant. Tukey-Kramer adjusted t values are reported for differences in the least squares means between treatments.


Bioassay df t value P value

Cc vs. Cc+Af      
    Cc > control 28 9.48 <0.0001
    Cc+Af > control 28 5.82 <0.0001
    Cc > Cc+Af 28 3.66 0.003
       
Cc vs. Cc+AfF1 vs. Cc+AfF2      
    Cc > control 36 8.98 <0.0001
    Cc+AfF1 > control 36 3.95 0.002
    Cc+AfF2> control 36 0.00 1.00
    Cc > Cc+Af F1 36 5.03 <0.0001
    Cc > Cc+Af F2 36 8.98 <0.0001
    Cc+AfF1 > Cc+Af F2 36 3.95 0.002



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