Appendix A. Shade, drought, and waterlogging tolerance for 806 species of woody plants from the temperate Northern hemisphere. As explained in the main article and Appendix B, tolerance scales range from 0 (no tolerance) to 5 (maximal tolerance). Standard errors (SE) are provided for tolerance estimates derived from two or more data sources. The region of origin and foliage physiognomy (logical fields, Y/N, “Evergreen” and “Gymnosperm”) of each species are also shown. Two columns for the region of species origin are necessary to classify species that are native in two continents and for intercontinental hybrids (Data set1 and Data set 2). Species nomenclature follows the latest version of W 3TROPICOS database (Missouri Botanical Garden 2005) along with the Flora of China Checklist ( http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/foc.html ). Microspecies that had been grouped together in the current analysis as aggregate species are also highlighted (logical field, Y/N, “Aggregate species”).
Species |
Aggregate species |
Data set 1 |
Data set 2 |
Evergreen |
Gymnosperm |
Shade tolerance |
Drought tolerance |
Waterlogging tolerance |
Abelia × grandiflora (A. chinesis × A. uniflora) |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.5 |
2 |
1 |
Abies alba |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
4.6±0.06 |
1.81±0.28 |
1.02±0.02 |
Abies amabilis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.21±0.37 |
0.83±0.17 |
1 |
Abies balsamea |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
5.01±0.09 |
1 |
2 |
Abies concolor |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.33±0.28 |
1.91±0.12 |
1.02±0.02 |
Abies firma |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
4.5 |
3 |
1 |
Abies fraseri |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
5±0 |
2 |
2 |
Abies grandis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.01±0.19 |
2.33±0.33 |
1.57±0.3 |
Abies homolepis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
4.5 |
2.5±0.5 |
1.5 |
Abies lasiocarpa |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.83±0.15 |
2.02±0.02 |
0.97±0.04 |
Abies magnifica |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
3.5±0.22 |
0.67±0.33 |
1 |
Abies mariesii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
5 |
2 |
2±0.5 |
Abies nordmanniana |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
4.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
Abies procera |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
2.45±0.42 |
2.5 |
1 |
Abies sibirica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
4.09±0.32 |
1.41±0.15 |
1.57±0.16 |
Abies veitchii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
4.5 |
2.5±0.5 |
2±0 |
Acacia rigidula |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1 |
5 |
1 |
Acer barbatum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.5 |
2.5±0.5 |
1 |
Acer buergerianum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3 |
2.75 |
1.53 |
Acer campestre |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.18±0.14 |
2.93±0.32 |
1.89±0.18 |
Acer carpinfolium |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
Acer circinatum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.75±0.25 |
2 |
1 |
Acer ginnala |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3±0 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.27±0.27 |
Acer glabrum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.39±0.39 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.27±0.27 |
Acer grandidentatum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3±0 |
2.63±0.13 |
1.27±0.27 |
Acer griseum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3±0 |
1.53 |
1.53 |
Acer macrophyllum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.14±0.14 |
2 |
2 |
Acer mono |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
4.25±0.25 |
2.67±0.33 |
1.5±0.5 |
Acer monspessulanum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66±0 |
4.31±0.41 |
1.04 |
Acer negundo |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.47±0.1 |
3.03±0.82 |
2.75±0.25 |
Acer nigrum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3±0 |
3.35±0.35 |
1.52±0.48 |
Acer opalus |
Y |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.48±0.1 |
3.72±0.17 |
1.04 |
Acer palmatum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
4.19±0.31 |
1.77±0.23 |
1.52±0.49 |
Acer pensylvanicum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.56±0.44 |
2 |
1 |
Acer platanoides |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
4.2±0.37 |
2.73±0.16 |
1.46±0.23 |
Acer pseudoplatanus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.73±0.21 |
2.75±0.16 |
1.1±0.08 |
Acer rubrum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.44±0.23 |
1.84±0.16 |
3.08±0.28 |
Acer saccharinum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.6±0.31 |
2.88±0.12 |
3.37±0.22 |
Acer saccharum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.76±0.11 |
2.25±0.25 |
1.09±0.08 |
Acer spicatum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.31±0.19 |
2 |
2 |
Acer tataricum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.48 |
3.37±0.32 |
1.47±0.06 |
Acer truncatum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3 |
2.75 |
1.53 |
Aesculus californica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.77±0.23 |
Aesculus flava |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.14±0.14 |
2 |
1.12±0.12 |
Aesculus glabra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.49±0.3 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.27±0.27 |
Aesculus hippocastanum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.43±0.27 |
2.82±0.15 |
1.39±0.17 |
Aesculus pavia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
2±0 |
2 |
Aesculus sylvatica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.56±0.44 |
2 |
2 |
Aesculus turbinata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.5±0.29 |
2.17±0.17 |
3±0 |
Aesculus × carnea (A. hippocastaneum × A. pavia) |
N |
North America |
Europe |
N |
N |
3 |
2.75 |
1.53 |
Ailanthus altissima |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.44±0.44 |
2.96±0.12 |
1.52±0.27 |
Alangium platanifolium |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.09±0.42 |
2.5±0.5 |
1.5±0.5 |
Albizia julibrissin |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.17±0.17 |
4.47±0.47 |
1.52±0.48 |
Alnus formosana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
Alnus glutinosa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.71±0.5 |
2.22±0.66 |
3.9±0.2 |
Alnus hirsuta |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.25±0.25 |
2.5±0.5 |
2.67±0.33 |
Alnus incana |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.3±0.25 |
1.89±0.29 |
2.84±0.34 |
Alnus incana ssp. rugosa |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1 |
2 |
2.85±0.25 |
Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.59±0.59 |
2.03±0.03 |
3.18±0.18 |
Alnus japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5±0.5 |
2 |
4±0 |
Alnus maximowiczii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1±0 |
2 |
3 |
Alnus metoporina |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Alnus oblongifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1 |
1 |
3 |
Alnus pendula |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.42±0.09 |
2 |
3 |
Alnus rhombifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
1 |
3.5 |
Alnus rubra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.83±0.21 |
2.5 |
2.56±0.72 |
Alnus sieboldiana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5±0.5 |
1.75±0.25 |
3±0 |
Alnus viridis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.84±0.09 |
2.48±0.27 |
2.66±0.52 |
Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
2 |
3 |
Amelanchier alnifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3±0 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.02±0.02 |
Amelanchier arborea |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.33±0.33 |
2.38±0.38 |
3.5±0.5 |
Amelanchier canadensis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.86±0.14 |
2.52±0.52 |
1.39±0.39 |
Amelanchier laevis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.06±0.06 |
3 |
3 |
Amelanchier ovalis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
4.72 |
2.5 |
Amelanchier utahensis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
4.47±0.47 |
1.02±0.02 |
Andromeda polifolia |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.2 |
0.53 |
4.27 |
Aralia elata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.67±0.17 |
3 |
1 |
Aralia spinosa |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.25±0.25 |
4 |
2 |
Arbutus menziesii |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
3.32±0.34 |
3.83±0.17 |
1 |
Arbutus unedo |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
2.66 |
3.9 |
1.04 |
Arctostaphylos alpina |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.93±0 |
2.62±0.42 |
2.5 |
Arctostaphylos uva ursi |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.93±0 |
3.88±0.84 |
2.5 |
Ardisia sieboldii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
4 |
2 |
1.5 |
Asimina triloba |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.95±0.05 |
2 |
1.37±0.13 |
Aucuba japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
4.5±0 |
3 |
1.5±0.5 |
Berberis amurensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.75±0.25 |
3 |
1.75±0.25 |
Berberis thunbergii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5 |
3.5 |
1.5±0.5 |
Berberis vulgaris |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.88 |
1.32±0.28 |
Betula alleghaniensis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.17±0.16 |
3 |
2 |
Betula apoiensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1±0 |
2 |
2 |
Betula ermanii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.25±0.25 |
2 |
1.75±0.25 |
Betula grossa |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5 |
2 |
1.5 |
Betula humilis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
0.53 |
4.27 |
Betula lenta |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.58±0.28 |
3 |
1 |
Betula maximowicziana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.25±0.25 |
1.57 |
1.25±0.25 |
Betula nana |
N |
Europe |
North America |
N |
N |
1.56±0.19 |
0.11±0.42 |
4.27 |
Betula nigra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.45±0.1 |
1.53±0.2 |
2.85±0.35 |
Betula occidentalis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.28±0.55 |
1.27±0.27 |
2.63±0.37 |
Betula papyrifera |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.54±0.16 |
2.02±0.3 |
1.25±0.15 |
Betula pendula |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.03±0.09 |
1.85±0.21 |
1.67±0.12 |
Betula platyphylla |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.25±0.25 |
2.5 |
1.83±0.17 |
Betula populifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5±0.5 |
2.34±0.22 |
1 |
Betula pubescens |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.85±0.07 |
1.27±0.18 |
2.98±0.21 |
Betula pubescens ssp. carpatica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
2.21 |
1.04 |
Broussonetia kazinoki |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5 |
4 |
1.5 |
Buddleja davidii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.56±0.19 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.04 |
Buxus sempervirens |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
4.05±0.13 |
3.88±0 |
1.04 |
Calluna vulgaris |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.56±0.19 |
2.21 |
3.19 |
Calocedrus decurrens |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
3.21±0.53 |
3.79±0.11 |
1.27±0.27 |
Camellia japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
4±0.29 |
2 |
1±0 |
Caragana arborescens |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5 |
4 |
1 |
Caragana frutex |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.5 |
2.5 |
1 |
Carpinus betulus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.97±0.12 |
2.66±0.16 |
1.65±0.06 |
Carpinus caroliniana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.58±0.21 |
2.02±0.02 |
2.3±0.5 |
Carpinus cordata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.5±0 |
2 |
2.5±0.5 |
Carpinus laxiflora |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3±0.29 |
2 |
2 |
Carpinus tschonoskii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.83±0.44 |
3 |
1.5 |
Carya aquatica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.95 |
2±0 |
4.25±0.22 |
Carya cordiformis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.07±0.07 |
4 |
2.5±0.5 |
Carya glabra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.69±0.35 |
4±0 |
1.16±0.08 |
Carya illinoiensis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.74±0.26 |
2 |
2.98±0.45 |
Carya laciniosa |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.42 |
2 |
1.48±0.36 |
Carya myristiciformis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.71±0.71 |
2 |
2 |
Carya ovata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.4±0.29 |
3 |
1.38±0.08 |
Carya pallida |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.56 |
4 |
1 |
Carya tomentosa |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.2±0.48 |
3 |
1.26±0.11 |
Castanea crenata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3 |
2.5 |
1 |
Castanea dentata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.06±0.06 |
3 |
1 |
Castanea mollissima |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.67±0.33 |
2.63±0.13 |
1.27±0.27 |
Castanea pumila |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.5 |
4 |
1 |
Castanea sativa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.15±0.23 |
3.46±0.18 |
1.32±0.28 |
Castanopsis cuspidata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
4.07±0.23 |
2.5±0.5 |
2 |
Castanopsis eyrei |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3 |
3 |
1.5 |
Castanopsis lamontii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
4 |
2 |
2 |
Castanopsis sieboldii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
4±0.29 |
3 |
2 |
Catalpa bignonioides |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.67±0.33 |
2.58±0.3 |
1.27±0.27 |
Catalpa speciosa |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.33±0.33 |
4.22±0.35 |
1.27±0.27 |
Cedrus deodara |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
2.59±0.41 |
3.85±0.15 |
1.02±0.02 |
Cedrus libani |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
1.35 |
2.75 |
1.03 |
Celtis laevigata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.31±0.58 |
3.56±0.3 |
2.73±0.27 |
Celtis occidentalis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.17±0.17 |
3.85±0.15 |
2.65±0.16 |
Celtis tenuifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.56 |
4 |
1 |
Cephalanthus occidentalis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.75±1.25 |
3 |
4.92±0.08 |
Cercidiphyllum japonicum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.34±0.34 |
1.53 |
2.14±0.37 |
Cercis canadensis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3±0 |
4.05±0.4 |
1.31±0.09 |
Cercis occidentalis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.09±0.09 |
3.35±0.35 |
1.03 |
Cercocarpus ledifolius |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.35 |
4.97±0.03 |
1.27±0.27 |
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
3.67±0.38 |
2.06±0.58 |
1.02±0.02 |
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.15±0.32 |
2 |
1.9±0.1 |
Chamaecyparis obtusa |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
4.38±0.13 |
2.88±0.13 |
1.52±0.49 |
Chamaecyparis thyoides |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
3.5±0.18 |
1±0 |
4.04±0.54 |
Chamaecytisus ratisbonensis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Chamaecytisus supinus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
4.72 |
1.04 |
Chamaedaphne calyculata |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.93 |
0.53 |
4.27 |
Chamaespartium sagittale |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Chilopsis linearis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.67±0.33 |
3.85±0.15 |
1.27±0.27 |
Chimaphila umbellata |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
3.38 |
3.88 |
1.77 |
Chionanthus virginicus |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.83±0.83 |
2.42±0.22 |
1.51±0.29 |
Chrysoplepis chrysophylla |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
3 |
4 |
1 |
Cinnamomum camphora |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.5±0.29 |
2.75±0.25 |
1.5 |
Citrus limon |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
2 |
3 |
1 |
Citrus sinensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
2 |
4 |
1 |
Citrus × paradisi (C. maxima × C. sinensis) |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
2 |
3 |
1 |
Cladrastis lutea |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.02±0.02 |
Clematis alpina |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.38 |
3.04 |
1.04 |
Clerodendrum trichotomum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.33±0.33 |
3 |
2 |
Clethra alnifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2 |
3.5±0.5 |
Clethra barbinervis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2 |
2.75±0.75 |
2.75±0.25 |
Cleyera japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.5±0.29 |
2 |
1.75±0.25 |
Colutea arborescens |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.38 |
3.88 |
1.02±0.02 |
Cornus alternifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
1.77±0.23 |
1.02±0.02 |
Cornus amomum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2 |
3±0 |
Cornus controversa |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2±0.5 |
2.5±0.5 |
2±0 |
Cornus florida |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.87±0.12 |
2.92±0.08 |
1.1±0.06 |
Cornus kousa |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3 |
1.53 |
1.03 |
Cornus mas |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.68±0.33 |
3.17±0.42 |
1.77±0 |
Cornus nuttallii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.5 |
2 |
1 |
Cornus racemosa |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
3 |
1.5±0.5 |
Cornus sanguinea |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.04 |
1.88±0.11 |
Cornus sericea |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.86±0.14 |
2.48±0.27 |
2.12±0.15 |
Coronilla emerus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
4.72 |
1.04 |
Corylus americana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.5±0.5 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.27±0.27 |
Corylus avellana |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.53±0.23 |
3.04 |
1.68±0.09 |
Corylus colurna |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.35 |
3.13±0.37 |
1.53 |
Corylus cornuta |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.27±0.27 |
Corylus heterophylla |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.5±0.5 |
2.75±0.25 |
1.75±0.25 |
Corylus sieboldiana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.5±0.5 |
2.5±0.5 |
2±0 |
Cotinus coggygria |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.74±0.14 |
1.04±0 |
Cotinus obovatus |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
3.69 |
1.03 |
Cotoneaster bullatus |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Cotoneaster horizontalis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.38 |
3.46 |
1.04 |
Cotoneaster integerrimus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2±0 |
3.46±0 |
1.04 |
Cotoneaster integrifolius |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.46 |
1.04 |
Cotoneaster simonsii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
2.66 |
3.04 |
1.04 |
Cotoneaster tomentosus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.46 |
1.04 |
Cowania mexicana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.35 |
4.95 |
1.03 |
Crataegus chlorosarca |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5 |
3 |
1 |
Crataegus crus galli |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.67±0.33 |
4.98±0.02 |
1.27±0.27 |
Crataegus laevigata agg. |
Y |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.45±0.28 |
2.9±0.15 |
1.1±0.08 |
Crataegus maximowiczii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2 |
3 |
1 |
Crataegus monogyna agg. |
Y |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.68±0.09 |
Crataegus phaenopyrum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.59±0.41 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.27±0.27 |
Crataegus viridis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.67±0.33 |
3.85±0.15 |
2.13±0.13 |
Crataegus × lavallei (C. stipulacea × C. crus galli) |
N |
North America |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.25±0.25 |
3.69 |
1.27±0.27 |
Cryptomeria japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
3.17±0.44 |
2.75±0.25 |
2±1 |
Cupressus arizonica |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.42±0.08 |
4.47±0.47 |
1.02±0.02 |
Cupressus sempervirens |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
1.35 |
4.95 |
1.03 |
Cydonia oblonga |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.88 |
1.77 |
Cytisus scoparius |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2±0 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.04 |
Daboecia cantabrica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2 |
3.04 |
3.19 |
Daphne alpina |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Daphne cneorum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
2.66 |
3.88 |
1.77 |
Daphne kamtschatica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
4.17±0.44 |
2 |
1 |
Daphne laureola |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
2.66±0 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.04 |
Daphne mezereum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
4.11±0 |
3.04±0 |
1.04 |
Daphne striata |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.93 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Daphniphyllum macropodum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.5±0.29 |
2.5±0.5 |
2.5±0.5 |
Diospyros virginiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.21±0.21 |
1.5±0.5 |
2.6±0.21 |
Distylium racemosum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
4.25±0.25 |
2 |
1.6±0.4 |
Dorycnium germanicum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
4.72 |
1.04 |
Dryas octopetala |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.02±0.09 |
3.88±0 |
2.5 |
Elaeagnus angustifolia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.35 |
4.47±0.47 |
1.52±0.48 |
Empetrum hermaphroditum |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.2 |
2.21 |
3.91 |
Empetrum nigrum |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.93±0 |
2.21±0 |
3.91 |
Erica ciliaris |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2 |
1.37 |
3.91 |
Erica cinerea |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.93±0 |
3.04±0 |
1.77 |
Erica erigena |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2 |
0.53 |
2.83 |
Erica mackaiana |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2 |
0.53 |
3.19 |
Erica tetralix |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2±0 |
0.53±0 |
3.19 |
Erica vagans |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2 |
2.21 |
2.83 |
Eriobotrya japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.33±0.33 |
3.35±0.35 |
2.27 |
Euonymus alatus |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
4.33±0.33 |
2 |
2 |
Euonymus americanus |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
2.5 |
2 |
Euonymus europaeus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.02±0.19 |
3.04±0 |
2.11 |
Euonymus latifolius |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
4.11 |
3.04 |
1.77 |
Euonymus oxyphyllus |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.67±0.67 |
3 |
2 |
Euonymus sieboldianus |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.75±0.25 |
3 |
2.5±0.5 |
Euonymus verrucosus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.38 |
3.04 |
1.77 |
Eurya japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.83±0.17 |
2.5±0.5 |
1.5 |
Fagus crenata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
5±0 |
1.75 |
1.75±0.25 |
Fagus engleriana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
4.5 |
1 |
1.2 |
Fagus grandifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.75±0.14 |
1.5±0.32 |
1.5±0.06 |
Fagus hayatae |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
4.5 |
1.5 |
1 |
Fagus japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
4.5 |
2 |
1.5±0.5 |
Fagus longipetiolata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
4.5 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
Fagus lucida |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
4 |
1 |
1.2 |
Fagus orientalis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
4.2 |
2.7 |
1 |
Fagus sylvatica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
4.56±0.11 |
2.4±0.43 |
1.02±0.01 |
Forestiera acuminata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
2 |
4.89±0.11 |
Frangula alnus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66±0 |
1.37±0 |
3.19±0 |
Fraxinus americana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.46±0.21 |
2.38±0.38 |
2.59±0.18 |
Fraxinus anomala |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.17±0.17 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.27±0.27 |
Fraxinus caroliniana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.5 |
2±0 |
5±0 |
Fraxinus excelsior |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66±0.13 |
2.5±0.25 |
2.7±0.3 |
Fraxinus lanuginosa |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.25±0.25 |
2.5±0.5 |
2 |
Fraxinus latifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2 |
3 |
Fraxinus mandshurica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.75±0.75 |
1.75±0.25 |
3.25±0.25 |
Fraxinus nigra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.96±0.43 |
2 |
3.5 |
Fraxinus ornus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.02±0.38 |
4.31±0.41 |
2.5 |
Fraxinus pennsylvanica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.11±0.11 |
3.85±0.15 |
2.98±0.25 |
Fraxinus platypoda |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3 |
2 |
3 |
Fraxinus profunda |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2 |
5±0 |
Fraxinus quadrangulata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.84±0.34 |
2.75 |
1.53 |
Fraxinus velutina |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
3.35±0.35 |
1.77±0.23 |
Fumana procumbens |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2 |
4.72 |
1.04 |
Gardenia jasminoides |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
2.5 |
2 |
1 |
Gaultheria shallon |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
3 |
2 |
2.5 |
Genista anglica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2±0 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.77 |
Genista germanica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.88 |
1.77 |
Genista pilosa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.56±0.19 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.41 |
Genista tinctoria |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2±0 |
3.88±0 |
1.77 |
Ginkgo biloba |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
Y |
1.34±0.33 |
3.99±0.47 |
1.13±0.27 |
Gleditsia aquatica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2 |
2 |
4.38±0.3 |
Gleditsia triacanthos |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.61±0.2 |
4.98±0.02 |
2.69±0.25 |
Gordonia lasianthus |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
3 |
2±0 |
4.07±0.93 |
Gymnocladus dioica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
3.69 |
1.14±0.11 |
Halesia carolina |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.11 |
2±0 |
3 |
Hamamelis virginiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2 |
1.5±0.5 |
Helianthemum alpestre |
Y |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.22 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Helianthemum apenninum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.22±0 |
4.72±0 |
1.04 |
Helianthemum canum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.22±0 |
4.72±0 |
1.04 |
Helianthemum nummularium |
Y |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.56±0.21 |
4.2±0.2 |
1.04 |
Heteromeles arbutifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.5 |
4.5 |
1 |
Hibiscus rosa sinensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
1 |
3 |
2 |
Hippophae rhamnoides |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2±0 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.88±0.11 |
Hydrangea macrophylla |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.92±0.58 |
3 |
3 |
Hydrangea paniculata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.33±0.33 |
3 |
2 |
Hyssopus officinalis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2 |
4.72 |
1.04 |
Ilex aquifolium |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
3.86±0.19 |
3.04±0 |
1.39±0.39 |
Ilex cassine |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
4 |
2.5±0.5 |
4 |
Ilex cornuta |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3±1 |
3 |
2 |
Ilex decidua |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
2 |
2.8±0.21 |
Ilex opaca |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
4.28±0.37 |
2.92±0.08 |
1.93±0.11 |
Ilex verticillata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2 |
3.6±0.54 |
Ilex vomitoria |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.5 |
4.5±0.5 |
1 |
Illicium anisatum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.83±0.17 |
2.5 |
2 |
Itea virginica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
2 |
4.5±0.5 |
Juglans ailanthifolia |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.75±0.75 |
2 |
2 |
Juglans cinerea |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.88±0.21 |
2.38±0.38 |
1.27±0.27 |
Juglans major |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.35 |
4.95 |
1.77±0.23 |
Juglans nigra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.93±0.25 |
2.38±0.38 |
1.83±0.27 |
Juglans regia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.27±0.24 |
2.98±0.22 |
1.42±0.09 |
Juniperus chinensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
1.35 |
4.97±0.03 |
1.02±0.02 |
Juniperus communis |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.71±0.52 |
4.41±0.59 |
2.07±0.07 |
Juniperus deppeana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
2 |
5 |
1 |
Juniperus monosperma |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
2 |
5 |
1 |
Juniperus occidentalis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.67±0.16 |
5 |
1 |
Juniperus osteosperma |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.84±0.16 |
4.97±0.03 |
1.02±0.02 |
Juniperus sabina |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
1.93 |
4.72 |
1.04 |
Juniperus scopulorum |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.48±0.27 |
4.97±0.03 |
1.02±0.02 |
Juniperus sibirica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
1.2 |
4.07±0.19 |
2.14 |
Juniperus silicicola |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.5 |
5±0 |
1.5 |
Juniperus virginiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.28±0.09 |
4.65±0.33 |
1.19±0.12 |
Kalmia angustifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.61±0.28 |
1.68±0.22 |
2.75±0.18 |
Kalmia latifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.5 |
4.5 |
1±0 |
Kalopanax pictus |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3±0 |
2.75±0.25 |
1.5±0.5 |
Koelreuteria paniculata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.09±0.09 |
4.47±0.47 |
1.27±0.27 |
Laburnum × watereri (L. alpinum × L. anagyroides ) |
N |
North America |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.17±0.17 |
2.38±0.38 |
1.53 |
Laburnum alpinum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1 |
2 |
2 |
Laburnum anagyroides |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1 |
3 |
1.5 |
Lagerstroemia indica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.02±0.02 |
Larix decidua |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
Y |
1.46±0.29 |
2.31±0.55 |
1.1±0.08 |
Larix gmelinii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
Y |
1.23 |
2.3 |
3.11 |
Larix kaempferi |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
Y |
1.38±0.21 |
3±1 |
1.58±0.43 |
Larix laricina |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
Y |
0.98±0.09 |
2 |
3 |
Larix lyallii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
Y |
1±0 |
3 |
1 |
Larix occidentalis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
Y |
1.35±0.23 |
2.42±0.08 |
1 |
Larix sibirica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
Y |
1.35±0.15 |
1.63±0.26 |
1.92±0.15 |
Larix × eurolepis (L. decidua × L. kaempferi) |
N |
East Asia |
Europe |
N |
Y |
1.5 |
2.5 |
1 |
Larix × marschlinsii (L. sibirica × L. kaempferi) |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
Y |
1.56 |
2.21 |
1.04 |
Ledum palustre |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.66 |
0.53 |
4.27 |
Lembotropis nigricans |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Leucothoe grayana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3±0 |
3.25±0.75 |
2.5±0.5 |
Ligustrum lucidum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.5±0 |
2.5 |
2 |
Ligustrum ovalifolium |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.93±0.01 |
3.04 |
1.41 |
Ligustrum vulgare |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.29±0.19 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.88±0.11 |
Lindera benzoin |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2 |
3±0 |
Lindera umbellata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.88±0.63 |
3 |
2.75±0.25 |
Linnaea borealis |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
3.38±0 |
3.04±0 |
1.77 |
Liquidambar styraciflua |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.59±0.14 |
2.92±0.08 |
2.69±0.14 |
Liriodendron tulipifera |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.07±0.27 |
2.6±0.3 |
1.3±0.12 |
Lithocarpus densiflorus |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
3.67±0.33 |
4 |
1 |
Loiseleuria procumbens |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.02±0.09 |
3.88±0 |
1.04 |
Lonicera alpigena |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.75 |
2.21 |
1.77 |
Lonicera caerulea |
N |
Europe |
North America |
N |
N |
3.38 |
1.37 |
3.19 |
Lonicera nigra |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.75 |
3.04 |
2.5 |
Lonicera xylosteum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.38±0 |
3.04±0 |
1.88±0.11 |
Lycium barbarum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.93±0 |
3.04±0 |
1.77 |
Lycium chinense |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.04 |
2.14 |
Maclura pomifera |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.45±0.29 |
4.22±0.35 |
1.27±0.27 |
Magnolia acuminata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.03±0.03 |
1.27±0.27 |
1.52±0.48 |
Magnolia ashei |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2±0 |
2 |
Magnolia denudata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2 |
2 |
1.5 |
Magnolia fraseri |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.06±0.06 |
2±0 |
1 |
Magnolia grandiflora |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
4.5±0.5 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.41±0.39 |
Magnolia kobus |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3 |
2.88±0.12 |
2.5 |
Magnolia liliflora |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5 |
2.5 |
1 |
Magnolia macrophylla |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.11 |
1 |
1 |
Magnolia obovata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
2 |
2 |
Magnolia stellata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3±0 |
1.77±0.23 |
3 |
Magnolia tripetala |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.06±0.06 |
2 |
1 |
Magnolia virginiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3±0 |
1.5±0.5 |
3.65±0.44 |
Magnolia X loebneri (M. kobus × M. stellata) |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
1.53 |
1.03 |
Magnolia X soulangeana (M. denudata × M. liliflora) |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3 |
1.77±0.23 |
1.02±0.02 |
Mahonia aquifolium |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
3.24±0.24 |
3.94±0.06 |
1.45±0.05 |
Mallotus japonicus |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5 |
3.5 |
1 |
Malus angustifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
2.5 |
1 |
Malus domestica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.04 |
1.04 |
Malus pumila |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.17 |
3.13±0.37 |
1.52±0.02 |
Malus sieboldii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
3 |
1 |
Malus sylvestris |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.32±0.2 |
3.16±0.18 |
1.68±0.09 |
Melia azedarach |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3 |
2.85±0.85 |
1.77±0.23 |
Mespilus germanica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Metasequoia glyptostroboides |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
Y |
3 |
2.38±0.38 |
1.52±0.48 |
Morus alba |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.35 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.27±0.27 |
Morus bombycis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5±0.76 |
3 |
1.5 |
Morus rubra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.34±0.16 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.57±0.16 |
Myrica californica |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.5 |
2 |
2 |
Myrica cerifera |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2 |
3±0 |
3.5±0.5 |
Myrica gale |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.2±0 |
0.53±0 |
4.27 |
Myricaria germanica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
1.37 |
2.5 |
Nyssa aquatica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.47±0.53 |
1±0 |
5±0 |
Nyssa biflora |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2 |
1 |
5±0 |
Nyssa ogeche |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
2 |
4.84±0.16 |
Nyssa sylvatica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.52±0.28 |
2±0 |
1.87±0.2 |
Ostrya carpinifolia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.94±0.18 |
3.07±0.17 |
1.41 |
Ostrya japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
3 |
2 |
Ostrya knowltonii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.83 |
3.69 |
1.03 |
Ostrya virginiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4.58±0.21 |
3.25±0.38 |
1.07±0.06 |
Oxydendrum arboreum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.7±0.35 |
3±0 |
1.12±0.12 |
Pachysandra terminalis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.92±0.09 |
2 |
1 |
Paulownia tomentosa |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2 |
3 |
1 |
Persea borbonia |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
4 |
2 |
3.57±0.43 |
Persea japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
4.25±0.25 |
2 |
1 |
Persea thunbergii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.35±0.15 |
3 |
1 |
Phellodendron amurense |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.67±0.33 |
4.1±0.5 |
2.27 |
Photinia pyrifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2 |
2 |
3±0 |
Physocarpus opulifolius |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
4 |
1±0 |
Picea abies |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
4.45±0.5 |
1.75±0.41 |
1.22±0.12 |
Picea breweriana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
3.76±0.24 |
1.83±0.17 |
1 |
Picea engelmannii |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.53±0.07 |
2.58±0.3 |
1.02±0.02 |
Picea glauca |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.15±0.17 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.02±0.02 |
Picea glehnii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
4±0.29 |
2.5 |
2.5±0.5 |
Picea jezoensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
4.25±0.25 |
2 |
1 |
Picea mariana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.08±0.18 |
2 |
2 |
Picea obovata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
3.82 |
1.86 |
2.07 |
Picea omorika |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
4.65 |
2.75 |
1.03 |
Picea pungens |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
3.54±0.32 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.02±0.02 |
Picea rubens |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.39±0.39 |
2.5 |
2 |
Picea sitchensis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
3.85±0.36 |
1.52±0.15 |
1.99±0.22 |
Pinus albicaulis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1 |
5 |
1 |
Pinus aristata |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.25±0.25 |
4.97±0.03 |
1.02±0.02 |
Pinus attenuata |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.5 |
3 |
1 |
Pinus balfouriana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1 |
5 |
1 |
Pinus banksiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.36±0.33 |
4 |
1 |
Pinus bungeana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
1 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.02±0.02 |
Pinus cembra |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
2.87±0.3 |
3.01±0.43 |
1.04 |
Pinus clausa |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
2.21 |
2.25±0.25 |
2.5 |
Pinus contorta ssp. contorta |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.73±0.24 |
4.04±0.38 |
2.7±0.4 |
Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.48 |
4.21±0.38 |
2±0.5 |
Pinus coulteri |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.5 |
3.5 |
2 |
Pinus densiflora |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
1.35 |
3.38±0.63 |
1.03 |
Pinus echinata |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.86±0.36 |
4 |
1.16±0.08 |
Pinus edulis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.44±0.05 |
4.97±0.03 |
1.02±0.02 |
Pinus elliotti |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
2.65±0.32 |
3.5 |
2.57±0.57 |
Pinus flexilis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.56±0.15 |
4.72±0.22 |
1.02±0.02 |
Pinus glabra |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.5 |
2.5±0.5 |
3.09±0.91 |
Pinus halepensis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
1.35 |
4.97±0.03 |
0.95±0.05 |
Pinus jeffreyi |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.74±0.26 |
4.17±0.17 |
0.95±0.05 |
Pinus koraiensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
2 |
3 |
1.5 |
Pinus lambertiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
2.66±0.14 |
2.67±0.33 |
1 |
Pinus monophylla |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.17±0.17 |
4.97±0.03 |
1.02±0.02 |
Pinus monticola |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
2.97±0.02 |
2.42±0.22 |
1.02±0.02 |
Pinus mugo |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
1.72±0.18 |
4.23±0.47 |
1.03±0.01 |
Pinus muricata |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
2 |
2 |
1 |
Pinus nigra |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
2.1±0.43 |
4.38±0.47 |
1.39±0.38 |
Pinus palustris |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
0.87±0.13 |
4.75±0.25 |
2 |
Pinus parviflora |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
1.68±0.33 |
3.38±0.63 |
1.03 |
Pinus ponderosa |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.64±0.15 |
4.32±0.32 |
1.02±0.02 |
Pinus radiata |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
2.97±0.03 |
3 |
1 |
Pinus resinosa |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.89±0.21 |
3 |
1 |
Pinus rigida |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.99±0.51 |
4 |
2 |
Pinus sabiniana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1 |
4.5 |
1 |
Pinus serotina |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.47 |
3 |
3.5±0.4 |
Pinus sibirica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
1.93 |
3.13 |
3.32 |
Pinus strobiformis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.35 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.52±0.48 |
Pinus strobus |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
3.21±0.2 |
2.29±0.38 |
1.03±0.02 |
Pinus sylvestris |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
1.67±0.33 |
4.34±0.47 |
2.63±0.08 |
Pinus taeda |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.99±0.51 |
4.5±0.5 |
1.08±0.08 |
Pinus thunbergii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
1.35 |
4.03±0.18 |
1.02±0.02 |
Pinus uncinata |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
1.2 |
3.88 |
1.77 |
Pinus virginiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
1.99±0.51 |
4 |
1.5 |
Pinus wallichiana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
1.35 |
2.75 |
1.03 |
Pistacia chinensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.35 |
4.95 |
1.53 |
Pistacia vera |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.17±0.17 |
4.95 |
1.53 |
Pittosporum tobira |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
2.75±0.25 |
4 |
1 |
Planera aquatica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
2±0 |
4.89±0.11 |
Platanus occidentalis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.86±0.16 |
2.25±0.25 |
2.71±0.15 |
Platanus orientalis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3 |
3.5 |
2 |
Platanus × acerifolia (P. orientalis × P. occidentalis) |
N |
North America |
Europe |
Y |
N |
3 |
3.35±0.35 |
2.63±0.37 |
Polygala chamaebuxus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
2.66 |
2.21 |
1.04 |
Populus alba |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.3±0.25 |
2.67±0.23 |
1.84±0.07 |
Populus angustifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.35 |
1.77±0.23 |
2.63±0.37 |
Populus balsamifera |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.27±0.14 |
1.77±0.23 |
2.63±0.37 |
Populus deltoides |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.76±0.38 |
1.57±0.23 |
3.03±0.27 |
Populus fremontii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.35 |
2.88±0.12 |
2.63±0.37 |
Populus grandidentata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.21±0.27 |
2.5 |
2 |
Populus heterophylla |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.24±0.24 |
2 |
4 |
Populus maximowiczii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1±0 |
2 |
2.75±0.25 |
Populus nigra |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.46±0.09 |
2.2±0.38 |
3.7±0.3 |
Populus sargentii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
2 |
3.48±0.28 |
Populus sieboldii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1±0 |
2.75±0.25 |
1.5 |
Populus tremula |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.22±0.07 |
2.85±0.25 |
2.07±0.04 |
Populus tremuloides |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.21±0.18 |
1.77±0.23 |
1.77±0.23 |
Populus trichocarpa |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.27±0.27 |
1.77±0.23 |
1.35±0.26 |
Populus × acuminata (P. angustifolia × . P. deltoides) |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.85 |
2 |
3 |
Populus × canadensis (P. deltoides × P. nigra) |
N |
North America |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.67±0.33 |
1.77±0.23 |
2.13±0.13 |
Populus × canescens (P. alba × P. tremula) |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
2.21 |
1.77 |
Prosopis juliflora |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.17±0.17 |
4.95 |
1.03 |
Prunus armeniaca |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.35 |
2.75 |
1.03 |
Prunus avium |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.33±0.33 |
2.66±0.22 |
1.19±0.17 |
Prunus caroliniana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.5 |
3 |
1 |
Prunus cerasifera |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.45±0.28 |
2.9±0.15 |
1.77 |
Prunus cerasus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66±0 |
3.11±0.43 |
1.04±0 |
Prunus domestica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
2.9±0.15 |
1.02±0.01 |
Prunus fruticosa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.47±0.28 |
4.31±0.41 |
1.41 |
Prunus glandulosa |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2 |
3 |
1 |
Prunus ilicifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2 |
3.5 |
1.5 |
Prunus japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3±0.5 |
2 |
1.1 |
Prunus laurocerasus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
4.11 |
2.21 |
1.41 |
Prunus lusitanica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
2.5 |
3.5 |
1 |
Prunus maackii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5 |
2 |
1.5 |
Prunus mahaleb |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.29±0.38 |
4.31±0.41 |
1.2±0.2 |
Prunus mume |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2 |
2.5 |
1.1 |
Prunus padus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.26±0.09 |
1.93±0.1 |
3.19±0 |
Prunus persica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.67±0.33 |
2.38±0.38 |
1.02±0.02 |
Prunus pumila |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
3 |
1 |
Prunus sargentii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.13±0.09 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.62±0.39 |
Prunus serotina |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.46±0.34 |
3.02±0.02 |
1.06±0.06 |
Prunus serrulata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.34±0.16 |
2.75 |
1.43 |
Prunus spinosa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.86±0.44 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.68±0.09 |
Prunus ssiori |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3±0 |
2 |
1.5±0.5 |
Prunus subhirtella |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.09±0.09 |
2.38±0.38 |
1.32±0.02 |
Prunus tomentosa |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5 |
3 |
1 |
Prunus umbellata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2 |
2 |
1 |
Prunus virginiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.59±0.41 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.11±0.15 |
Prunus × incam (P. incisa × P. campanulata) |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2 |
2.5 |
1.3 |
Prunus × yedoensis (P. serrulata × P. subhirtella) |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.17 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.22±0.02 |
Pseudotsuga macrocarpa |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
2.5 |
4 |
1 |
Pseudotsuga menziesii |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
2.78±0.18 |
2.62±0.41 |
1.79±0.12 |
Ptelea trifoliata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.59±0.41 |
2.58±0.3 |
1.52±0.48 |
Pterocarya rhoifolia |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.25±0.25 |
1.75±0.25 |
2.25±0.25 |
Pterostyrax hispida |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5 |
2±0.5 |
2±0.5 |
Pyrus calleryana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.35 |
4.47±0.47 |
1.77±0.23 |
Pyrus communis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.72±0.23 |
2.73±0.38 |
1.15±0.11 |
Pyrus cordata |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
3.04 |
2.14 |
Pyrus pyraster |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.26±0.42 |
3.31±0.59 |
1.77 |
Pyrus ussuriensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.09±0.09 |
3.35±0.35 |
1.27±0.27 |
Quercus acuta |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.33±0.44 |
3.5 |
1.5 |
Quercus acutissima |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.3±0.2 |
3.99±0.49 |
1.64±0.37 |
Quercus agrifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2 |
5 |
1 |
Quercus alba |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.85±0.17 |
3.56±0.3 |
1.43±0.14 |
Quercus aliena |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.85±0.35 |
3±0.5 |
1.75±0.25 |
Quercus austrina |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
5 |
1 |
Quercus bicolor |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.98±0.02 |
3.35±0.35 |
2.58±0.28 |
Quercus cerris |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.55±0.11 |
4.29±0.21 |
1.29±0.25 |
Quercus chapmanii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
5 |
1 |
Quercus chrysolepis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
5 |
1 |
Quercus coccinea |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.07±0.2 |
4 |
1 |
Quercus crispula |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.25±0.25 |
3 |
2.13±0.38 |
Quercus dentata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5 |
3.75±0.25 |
1±0 |
Quercus douglasii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2 |
5 |
1 |
Quercus dumosa |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2 |
5 |
1 |
Quercus emoryi |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
3 |
4 |
1 |
Quercus falcata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.5 |
5 |
1.65±0.32 |
Quercus gambelii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.09±0.09 |
4.97±0.03 |
1.27±0.27 |
Quercus garryana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.4±0.3 |
5±0 |
2 |
Quercus gilva |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.4±0.38 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
Quercus glauca |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.25±0.25 |
4 |
1.5 |
Quercus ilex |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
3.02±0.19 |
4.72±0 |
1.04 |
Quercus imbricaria |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.09±0.09 |
3.85±0.15 |
2.43±0.21 |
Quercus incana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.5 |
4.5±0.5 |
1.5 |
Quercus kelloggii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.55 |
4.33±0.33 |
1 |
Quercus laevis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2 |
5±0 |
1 |
Quercus laurifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.34±0.34 |
3±0 |
2.59±0.41 |
Quercus lobata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3±0 |
3 |
1 |
Quercus lyrata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.97±0.03 |
1 |
4.58±0.27 |
Quercus macrocarpa |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.71±0.27 |
3.85±0.15 |
1.82±0.15 |
Quercus marilandica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
4 |
1 |
Quercus muehlenbergii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.22±0.44 |
4.97±0.03 |
1.26±0.15 |
Quercus multinervis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
2.7 |
3 |
1.5 |
Quercus myrtifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.5 |
4.5±0.5 |
1 |
Quercus nigra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.24±0.76 |
3±0 |
2.47±0.53 |
Quercus nuttallii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.24±0.76 |
1 |
3.94±0.45 |
Quercus pagoda |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.24±0.76 |
2.5 |
2.09±0.09 |
Quercus palustris |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.49±0.51 |
2.38±0.38 |
3.49±0.17 |
Quercus petraea |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.73±0.27 |
3.02±0.15 |
1.2±0.2 |
Quercus phellos |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2 |
1 |
2.89±0.44 |
Quercus prinus |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.85±0.18 |
3.5±0.5 |
1 |
Quercus pubescens |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.31±0.22 |
4.1±0.25 |
1.39±0.39 |
Quercus robur |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.45±0.28 |
2.95±0.31 |
1.89±0.18 |
Quercus rubra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.75±0.18 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.12±0.06 |
Quercus salicina |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.5±0 |
3.5 |
1 |
Quercus serrata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3 |
3 |
1.75±0.25 |
Quercus sessilifolia |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.35±0.15 |
3 |
1.5±0.5 |
Quercus shumardii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.35±0.22 |
4.65±0.33 |
1.49±0.26 |
Quercus stellata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.16±0.45 |
4.5 |
1.5±0.25 |
Quercus turbinella |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.17 |
4.97±0.03 |
1.53 |
Quercus variabilis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2 |
3 |
1 |
Quercus velutina |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.72±0.22 |
3 |
1.07±0.09 |
Quercus virginiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.24±0.76 |
4.5 |
2.59±0.41 |
Quercus wislizeni |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.5 |
4 |
1.5 |
Quercus × bebbiana (Q. alba × Q. macrocarpa) |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
3.5 |
2 |
Quercus × pauciloba (Q. gambelii × Q. turbinella) |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.17 |
4.95 |
1.53 |
Quercus × runcinata (Q. imbricaria × Q. rubra) |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.5 |
3.5 |
1.5 |
Rhamnus alpina |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Rhamnus cathartica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0 |
3.46±0.42 |
2.25±0.26 |
Rhamnus pumila |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
4.72 |
1.77 |
Rhamnus purshiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
3 |
1 |
Rhamnus saxatilis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
4.72 |
1.77 |
Rhododendron canadense |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
2 |
1 |
Rhododendron catwbiense |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
3.5 |
2.5 |
2 |
Rhododendron dauricum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.5 |
2 |
2 |
Rhododendron ferrugineum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.93 |
3.04 |
1.77 |
Rhododendron hirsutum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.93 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Rhododendron lapponicum |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.93 |
3.88 |
2.14 |
Rhododendron macrophyllum |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
3 |
1 |
1 |
Rhododendron maximum |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
3.5 |
3 |
2 |
Rhododendron obtusum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3 |
2.5±0.5 |
1 |
Rhododendron occidentale |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
1 |
1 |
Rhododendron periclymenoides |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
3 |
3.5±0.5 |
Rhododendron ponticum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
3.38 |
3.04 |
2 |
Rhododendron viscosum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
3 |
3.5±0.5 |
Rhododendron × intermedium (R. hirsutum × R. ferrugineum) |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.93 |
3.04 |
1.04 |
Rhodothamnus chamaecistus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
2.66 |
3.04 |
1.04 |
Rhus copallina |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
3 |
3 |
Rhus glabra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.78±0.22 |
3 |
1 |
Rhus javanica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.75±0.25 |
3.5 |
1 |
Rhus trichocarpa |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.17±0.34 |
3.5±0.5 |
1.5±0.5 |
Rhus typhina |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.56 |
4 |
1 |
Ribes alpinum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.38±0 |
3.04 |
1.77 |
Ribes nigrum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.75±0.19 |
1.37±0.84 |
2.83 |
Ribes petraeum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.38 |
3.04 |
1.04 |
Ribes rubrum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.38±0 |
1.79±0.42 |
1.77 |
Ribes spicatum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.75±0.19 |
1.79±0.42 |
1.77 |
Ribes uva crispa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
3.04 |
1.77 |
Robinia neomexicana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.35 |
4.47±0.47 |
1.77±0.23 |
Robinia pseudoacacia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.72±0.25 |
4.11±0.65 |
1.07±0.08 |
Robinia × ambigua (R. pseudoacacia × R. viscosa) |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.35 |
4.47±0.47 |
1.03 |
Rosa abietina |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Rosa acicularis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5 |
3 |
1 |
Rosa agrestis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2±0 |
4.72±0 |
1.04 |
Rosa arkansana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
3.5 |
2 |
Rosa arvensis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66±0 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.04 |
Rosa blanda |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
Rosa californica |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
3 |
2 |
Rosa canina |
Y |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0.38 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.77 |
Rosa carolina |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
3.5 |
1 |
Rosa ciezielskii |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
4 |
1 |
Rosa coriifolia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2±0 |
4.72±0 |
1.04 |
Rosa corymbifera |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Rosa davurica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5 |
3.5 |
1 |
Rosa elliptica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
4.72 |
1.04 |
Rosa gallica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Rosa hybrida |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1 |
4 |
1 |
Rosa jundzillii |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
4.72 |
1.04 |
Rosa majalis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.5 |
3.04 |
1.77 |
Rosa micrantha |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0.38 |
4.72±0 |
1.04 |
Rosa obtusifolia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0 |
3.88±0 |
1.04 |
Rosa pendulina |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
3.04 |
1.04 |
Rosa pimpinellifolia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2±0 |
4.3±0.42 |
1.77 |
Rosa rubiginosa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0 |
4.5±0 |
1.04 |
Rosa rubrifolia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Rosa rugosa |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.2 |
4 |
2 |
Rosa scabriuscula |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
4.72 |
1.04 |
Rosa sherardii |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
3.04 |
1.04 |
Rosa stylosa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.56±0.19 |
3.88±0 |
1.04 |
Rosa subcanina |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Rosa subcollina |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
4.72 |
1.04 |
Rosa tomentosa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.56±0.19 |
3.88±0 |
1.04 |
Rosa villosa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.5±0.3 |
3.88±0.84 |
1.04 |
Rosa virginiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1 |
4 |
1 |
Rosa vosagiaca |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.04 |
1.77 |
Rubus allegheniensis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.5±0.4 |
4 |
2 |
Rubus alumnus |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2 |
3 |
1 |
Rubus caesius |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.29±0.19 |
3.04 |
2.5 |
Rubus idaeus |
N |
Europe |
North America |
N |
N |
2.66±0 |
3.04 |
2.5 |
Rubus mesogaeus |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.25±0.75 |
2.5 |
2 |
Rubus phoenicolasius |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.83±0.17 |
2.5 |
1 |
Rubus spectabilis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.86±0.14 |
2.6±0.4 |
2.75±0.25 |
Sabal palmetto |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2 |
4±0 |
3 |
Salix alba |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.99±0.18 |
2±0.21 |
4.1±0.03 |
Salix alpina |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
0.84 |
2.21 |
3.91 |
Salix amygdaloides |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.17±0.17 |
1.77±0.23 |
3.43±0.07 |
Salix appendiculata |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
2.21 |
2.84±0.34 |
Salix arbuscula |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.04 |
3.91 |
Salix aurita |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0 |
0.53±0 |
4.27 |
Salix babylonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.35 |
1.77±0.23 |
3.43 |
Salix bebbiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1 |
1 |
3 |
Salix caprea |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.16±0.08 |
2.24±0.23 |
2.84±0.34 |
Salix caroliniana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
2±0 |
4 |
Salix cinerea |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0 |
0.11±0.42 |
4.13±0.15 |
Salix daphnoides |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
1.37 |
3.95±0.03 |
Salix discolor |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.5 |
2 |
4±0 |
Salix eleagnos |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
1.37 |
3.95±0.03 |
Salix foetida |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
1.37 |
3.91 |
Salix fragilis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.42±0.18 |
1.23±0.39 |
3.94±0.02 |
Salix glabra |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
1.37 |
3.91 |
Salix hastata |
N |
Europe |
North America |
N |
N |
1.93 |
2.21 |
3.91 |
Salix herbacea |
N |
Europe |
North America |
N |
N |
1.56±0.19 |
2.21±0.84 |
3.91 |
Salix hultenii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.5 |
1.5 |
3 |
Salix integra |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.33±0.33 |
2 |
4 |
Salix jessoensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1±0 |
1.25 |
4.5±0.25 |
Salix lanata |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
2.21 |
3.91 |
Salix lapponum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
2.21 |
4.27 |
Salix matsudana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.35 |
1.77±0.23 |
3.5±0.25 |
Salix myrsinifolia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.29±0.19 |
0.95±0.42 |
3.95±0.03 |
Salix myrsinites |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.04 |
3.91 |
Salix myrtilloides |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
0.53 |
3.91 |
Salix nigra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.34±0.12 |
1.77±0.23 |
4.68±0.17 |
Salix pentandra |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0 |
0.53±0 |
3.95±0.03 |
Salix phylicifolia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
0.53 |
4.27 |
Salix purpurea |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2±0 |
1.37±0 |
3.55±0.37 |
Salix repens |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.02±0.18 |
1.79±0.42 |
4.09±0.18 |
Salix reticulata |
N |
Europe |
North America |
N |
N |
1.56±0.19 |
2.21±0 |
3.91 |
Salix retusa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
2.21 |
3.91 |
Salix rosmarinifolia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
0.53 |
3.91 |
Salix sachalinensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1 |
1.5 |
4 |
Salix scouleriana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1 |
3 |
4 |
Salix serpyllifolia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.88 |
3.91 |
Salix sitchensis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1 |
1 |
4.5 |
Salix starkeana |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
1.37 |
3.91 |
Salix subfragilis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1 |
1.75±0.25 |
4 |
Salix triandra |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0 |
0.9±0.3 |
3.9±0.15 |
Salix udensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1±0 |
1.5 |
4 |
Salix viminalis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0 |
0.53±0 |
3.9±0.15 |
Salix waldsteiniana |
Y |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
2.21 |
3.91 |
Salix × rubens (S. alba × S. fragilis) |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.38 |
0.53 |
3.91 |
Sambucus cerulea |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.35 |
2.88±0.12 |
2.63±0.37 |
Sambucus ebulus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.04 |
2.5 |
Sambucus nigra |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.29±0.19 |
3.04±0 |
1.68±0.09 |
Sambucus racemosa |
N |
Europe |
North America |
N |
N |
2.66±0 |
3.04±0 |
2.5 |
Sambucus sieboldiana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.59±0.42 |
2 |
3 |
Sassafras albidum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
1.68±0.16 |
5±0 |
1.11±0.08 |
Sequoia sempervirens |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.21±0.21 |
2 |
0.95±0.05 |
Sequoiadendron giganteum |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
3.05±0.24 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.27±0.27 |
Shepherdia argentea |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.12±0.62 |
4 |
1 |
Sideroxylon celastrinum |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.5 |
3.5 |
3 |
Sideroxylon reclinatum |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.5 |
3±0 |
3.5 |
Skimmia japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
4.28±0.28 |
2 |
1.5±0.5 |
Sophora japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3 |
2.75 |
1.53 |
Sorbaria sorbifolia |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
2 |
2 |
Sorbus alnifolia |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.13±0.13 |
2.05 |
2 |
Sorbus americana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.59±0.41 |
1.77±0.23 |
1.27±0.23 |
Sorbus aria |
Y |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3±0.16 |
3.55±0.12 |
1.32±0.28 |
Sorbus arranensis (S. aucuparia × S. rupicola) |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Sorbus aucuparia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.73±0.21 |
2.11±0.34 |
1.76±0.13 |
Sorbus bristolensis (S. rupicola × . S. torminalis) |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Sorbus chamaemespilus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Sorbus commixta |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5±0 |
2 |
1.5±0.5 |
Sorbus danubialis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Sorbus domestica |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.53±0.18 |
3.52±0.26 |
1.04 |
Sorbus intermedia |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66±0 |
2.21 |
1.04 |
Sorbus lancastriensis (S. aria × S. rupicola) |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Sorbus mougeotii (S. aucuparia × S. aria) |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Sorbus rupicola |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.2 |
3.88 |
1.04 |
Sorbus scopulina |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.59±0.41 |
2.38±0.38 |
1.27±0.23 |
Sorbus torminalis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.38±0.2 |
3.74±0.13 |
1.04 |
Spiraea salicifolia |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.93 |
2.21 |
3.35±0.16 |
Staphylea pinnata |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93 |
3.04 |
1.04 |
Stewartia malacodendron |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2.5±0.5 |
1 |
Styrax americanus |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.5 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
Styrax grandifolius |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
2 |
1.5 |
Styrax japonicus |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
Styrax obassis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5 |
2 |
2 |
Swietenia mahagoni |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
4 |
1 |
Symphoricarpos albus |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.24±0.24 |
3.02±0.02 |
1.02±0.02 |
Symphoricarpos oreophilus |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.14±0.14 |
3.5 |
1 |
Symplocos chinensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.67±0.67 |
3 |
1.5±0.5 |
Symplocos tinctoria |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.5 |
2.5±0.5 |
2 |
Syringa reticulata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.35 |
2.38±0.38 |
2.27±0.74 |
Syringa vulgaris |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
2.66 |
3.04 |
1.02±0.02 |
Tamarix ramosissima |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.35 |
4.1±0.3 |
3.36 |
Taxodium distichum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
Y |
2.13±0.06 |
3.25±0.38 |
4.93±0.06 |
Taxus baccata |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
Y |
4.43±0.13 |
3.01±0.17 |
1.32±0.28 |
Taxus brevifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.86±0.14 |
2.5 |
1 |
Thuja occidentalis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
3.45±0.4 |
2.71±0.38 |
1.46±0.48 |
Thuja orientalis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
2.17 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.02±0.02 |
Thuja plicata |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.73±0.15 |
2.23±0.25 |
1.01±0.04 |
Thymus serpyllum |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.56±0.19 |
4.72±0 |
1.04 |
Tilia americana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.98±0.15 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.26±0.15 |
Tilia caroliniana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.25±0.25 |
2±0 |
1±0 |
Tilia cordata |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
4.18±0.16 |
2.75±0.15 |
1.83±0.16 |
Tilia euchlora |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3 |
2.75 |
1.27±0.27 |
Tilia heterophylla |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.77±0.65 |
2 |
1.12±0.12 |
Tilia japonica |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.75±0.25 |
2.5 |
2±0 |
Tilia maximowicziana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.75±0.25 |
2.5 |
2±0 |
Tilia platyphyllos |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
4±0.2 |
2.52±0.16 |
1.02±0.02 |
Tilia tomentosa |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.34±0.34 |
2.81±0.12 |
1.52±0.25 |
Tilia × vulgaris (T. cordata × T. platyphyllos) |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.49 |
3.04 |
1.77 |
Torreya californica |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
5 |
2 |
1 |
Torreya taxifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.5 |
2±0 |
1 |
Trochodendron aralioides |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
N |
3.6±0.1 |
2.5 |
1.75±0.25 |
Tsuga canadensis |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.83±0.14 |
1 |
1.25±0.25 |
Tsuga heterophylla |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.96±0.07 |
1.17±0.17 |
0.95±0.05 |
Tsuga mertensiana |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
Y |
4.48±0.03 |
1±0 |
0.95±0.05 |
Tsuga sieboldii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
Y |
Y |
4.25±0.25 |
3±1 |
1.5±0.5 |
Ulex europaeus |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.93±0 |
3.04±0 |
1.77 |
Ulex gallii |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.93 |
2.21 |
2.5 |
Ulex minor |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2 |
2.21 |
2.5 |
Ulmus alata |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.03±0.08 |
3.5±0.5 |
1.71±0.36 |
Ulmus americana |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.14±0.12 |
2.92±0.08 |
2.46±0.26 |
Ulmus crassifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3 |
3 |
2.09±0.09 |
Ulmus davidiana |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3±0 |
2 |
3±0 |
Ulmus glabra |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.53±0.13 |
2.41±0.13 |
2.03±0.44 |
Ulmus laciniata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3±0 |
2 |
2.75±0.25 |
Ulmus laevis |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.67±0.2 |
1.45±0.22 |
2.83 |
Ulmus minor |
Y |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
3.36±0.11 |
3.39±0.15 |
2.06±0.07 |
Ulmus parvifolia |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
2.88±0.12 |
1.27±0.27 |
Ulmus pumila |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.5±0.5 |
3.35±0.35 |
1.52±0.02 |
Ulmus rubra |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.31±0.19 |
3 |
1.73±0.24 |
Ulmus thomasii |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
3.22±0.28 |
2 |
1 |
Umbellularia californica |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
3.84±0.16 |
2 |
0.95±0.05 |
Vaccinium arboreum |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
2 |
3±0 |
2 |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2 |
2 |
3.5±0.5 |
Vaccinium erythrocarpum |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Vaccinium japonicum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.83±0.6 |
4 |
2.5±0.5 |
Vaccinium macrocarpon |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.99±0.01 |
1.68±0.32 |
3.1±0.1 |
Vaccinium myrtillus |
N |
Europe |
North America |
N |
N |
3.02±0.19 |
2.6±0.4 |
2.92±0.08 |
Vaccinium oxycoccus |
Y |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.56±0.19 |
0.32±0.42 |
4.45±0.18 |
Vaccinium smallii |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.67±0.67 |
4 |
2.5±0.5 |
Vaccinium uliginosum |
Y |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.29±0.19 |
2.21 |
3.19 |
Vaccinium vitis idaea |
N |
Europe |
North America |
Y |
N |
2.29±0.19 |
3.46±0.42 |
3.19 |
Veronica fruticans |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
Y |
N |
1.2±0 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.04 |
Viburnum dentatum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
2 |
2.5±0.5 |
Viburnum furcatum |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
3.33±0.33 |
1.5 |
3 |
Viburnum lantana |
N |
Europe |
Europe |
N |
N |
1.93±0 |
3.46±0.42 |
1.68±0.09 |
Viburnum lentago |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
4 |
2 |
2.5±0 |
Viburnum opulus |
N |
Europe |
North America |
N |
N |
2.66±0 |
2.21 |
2.06±0.07 |
Viburnum rufidulum |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2 |
3 |
3 |
Weigela hortensis |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.17±0.17 |
2.5±0.5 |
2.5±0.5 |
Yucca brevifolia |
N |
North America |
North America |
Y |
N |
1.17±0.17 |
4.95 |
1.53 |
Zanthoxylum ailanthoides |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2 |
4 |
1 |
Zanthoxylum clava herculis |
N |
North America |
North America |
N |
N |
2.5 |
4±0 |
1 |
Zelkova serrata |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
2.09±0.09 |
3.35±0.35 |
1.02±0.02 |
Zizyphus jujuba |
N |
East Asia |
East Asia |
N |
N |
1.35 |
4.95 |
1.53 |